Baicheng 白城市 | |
|---|---|
 Baicheng Railway Station | |
.png) Location of Baicheng City (yellow) in Jilin (light grey) | |
  Baicheng Location of the city centre in Jilin | |
| Coordinates (Baicheng municipal government):45°37′12″N122°50′17″E / 45.620°N 122.838°E /45.620; 122.838 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jilin |
| Incorporated (town) | 1915 |
| Incorporated (city) | 1958 |
| City seat | Taobei District |
| County-level divisions | 5 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Baicheng Secretary | Li Jinxiu (李晋修) |
| • Mayor | An Guiwu (安桂武) |
| Area | |
| 25,683 km2 (9,916 sq mi) | |
| • Urban (2017)[1] | 67.50 km2 (26.06 sq mi) |
| • Districts[1] | 2,568.8 km2 (991.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 154 m (505 ft) |
| Population (2010)[2] | |
| 2,033,058 | |
| • Density | 79.160/km2 (205.02/sq mi) |
| • Urban (2020)[1] | 332,826 |
| • Districts[1] | 508,000 |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 70 billion US$ 11.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 35,479 US$ 5,696 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 137000 |
| Area code | 0436 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-JL-08 |
| Licence plates | 吉G |
| Website | www |
Baicheng (Chinese:白城市;pinyin:Báichéng Shì;lit. 'White City') is aprefecture-level city in the northwestern part ofJilin province,China, borderingInner Mongolia to the north and west andHeilongjiang to the east and northeast. At the2010 census, 2,033,058 people lived within its administrative area of 25,683 km2 (9,916 sq mi).[2]
By 1938 the area was renamed to Baicheng, which in Chinese meanswhite town. The name's origin is theMongolian name of the cityChaghanhot, which also means "white town".[4]
The area of present-day Baicheng has been inhabited by humans for more than 12,000 years, dating back to theUpper Paleolithic era.[5] The area was subsequently inhabited by the nomadicDonghu from the period of theShang dynasty through to theQin dynasty.[5] It would later be inhabited by theXianbei and formed part ofBuyeo from the period of theHan dynasty through to theNorthern and Southern dynasties.[5] During the time of theSui dynasty andTang dynasty, the area was inhabited by theKhitan people.[5]
During the Khitan-foundedLiao dynasty, the area was incorporated as part of theChangchun Prefecture [zh], the seat of which was located in the ancient city of Chengsijiazi (Chinese:城四家子;pinyin:Chéngsìjiāzǐ), located in present-dayDeshun Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] inTaobei District.[5] Four emperors of the Liao dynasty were based out of Changchun Prefecture:Emperor Shengzong,Emperor Xingzong,Emperor Daozong, andEmperor Tianzuo.[5] During this time, the area was a major political, military, economic, and cultural center of the Liao Dynasty.[5]
During theJin dynasty, Changchun Prefecture remained intact until 1150, when it was reorganized as Changchun County (Chinese:长春县;pinyin:Chángchūn Xiàn), which was placed under the jurisdiction ofZhao Prefecture [zh].[5] In 1198, the area was re-organized asTai Prefecture [zh], the seat of which was located in Chengsijiazi.[5]
During theYuan dynasty, the area was first afief ofGenghis Khan's younger brotherTemüge.[5] Later, it was organized asTaining Circuit [zh], which was still based out of Chengsijiazi.[5]
During theMing dynasty, Taining Circuit reorganized asTaining Guard [zh], and was part of theNurgan Regional Military Commission briefly used to administerManchuria.[5]
During theQing dynasty, the area belonged to theKhorchin Mongols.[5] As Qing government forbade the settlement ofHan Chinese in the 19th century, no farming was allowed until 1902.[citation needed] In 1902, under the reign ofEmperor Guangxu, the Qing government approved the opening of the area to settlement.[5] In 1904,Taonan Fu [zh] was established in the area, which was under the jurisdiction of theShengjing General [zh].[5] In the same year, Kaitong County (Chinese:开通县;pinyin:Kāitōng Xiàn) and Jing'an County (Chinese:靖安县;pinyin:Jìng'ān Xiàn) were established within Taonan Fu.[5] In 1905, Anguang County (Chinese:安广县;pinyin:Ānguǎng Xiàn) was established as part of Taonan Fu.[5] In December 1905, Dalai Ting (Chinese:大赉厅;pinyin:Dàlài Tīng) was established in the area, and put under the jurisdiction of theHeilongjiang General [zh].[5]
In 1907, the northeast portion of the Qing dynasty was reorganized intoprovinces, and positions of the Shangjing General and the Heilongjiang General, which were responsible for the area's administration, were merged into theViceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces.[5] Taonan Fu, including Kaitong County, Jing'an County, and Anguang County were under the jurisdiction ofFengtian province.[5] Dalai Ting was placed under the jurisdiction ofHeilongjiang province.[5] In 1910, Zhendong County (Chinese:镇东县;pinyin:Zhèndōng Xiàn) was established in the area, and placed under the jurisdiction of Fengtian province.[5] In 1913, the area's administrative divisions were reorganized, and the area was split betweenTaochang Circuit [zh] in Fengtian province, andLongjiang Circuit [zh] in Heilongjiang province.[5] In 1914 Jing'an County was renamed Tao'an (洮南).[citation needed] In 1915,Zhanyu County [zh] was established in Taochang Circuit.[5]
Baicheng's importance started to increase after a railway fromQiqihar toSiping through Baicheng was constructed in the 1920s. In the 1930s another railway connecting Baicheng toUlanhot and the mines atArxan was opened northwestward. These two lines enabled Baicheng to become a regional transportation hub in westernJilin province. One more rail line connectingChangchun was opened in the mid-1930s as well.[6]
During theSecond Sino-Japanese War, the entire area was brought under the control of Longjiang province (Chinese:龙江省;pinyin:Lóngjiāng shěng),[5] part ofManchukuo. By 1938 the area was renamed to Baicheng, which in Chinese meanswhite town. The name's origin is theMongolian name of the cityChaghanhot, which also means "white town".[4]
After the liberation of the area fromJapanese forces on August 15, 1945, all counties in the area were placed under the jurisdiction ofNenjiang province.[5] In 1946, Communist forces took the area, and it was placed under the jurisdiction of Nenjiang province andLiaoji province [zh].[5] The following year, the area was reorganized as part ofLiaobei province [zh].[5] In 1949, it was moved back to Heilongjiang province.[5] The area was moved again to Jilin province in 1954.[5] In August of that year, the area was reorganized as Baichengzi zone (Chinese:白城子专区;pinyin:Báichéngzǐ zhuānqū).[5] The following year, it was renamed to Baicheng.[5] From the late 1950s throughout the late 1970s, the area of Baicheng was modified multiple times, as were its internal borders.[5] In July 1987, Tao'an County was reorganized asTaonan, acounty-level city, which it remains today.[5] In November 1988,Da'an County was also reorganized to be a county-level city, which it remains today.[5] Baicheng underwent multiple more border changes in the early 1990s.[5] In August 1993, it was reorganized as aprefecture-level city, which it remains today.[5]
Situated in the northwestern part ofJilin province, Baicheng is located in the western portion of theSongnen Plain, and in the eastern part of theHorqin Grassland [zh].[7] The city stretches from a latitude of 44° 13′ to 46° 18′ N, and a longitude of 121° 38′ to 124° 22' E.[7] At its greatest width, the city spans 230 kilometres (142.9 mi) from north to south and 211 kilometres (131 mi) from east to west.[7] The total area of the city is 25,758.73 square kilometres (9,945.50 sq mi),[7] occupying 13.7% of the provincial area. The eastern part of theGreater Khingan Mountains lies in the northwest of Baicheng. Grassland and wetlands are prominent throughout the city's southeastern part.[citation needed]
Baicheng is bordered bySongyuan to its east and southeast.[7] It is bordered byHorqin Right Middle Banner,Tuquan County, andHorqin Right Front Banner inHinggan League inInner Mongolia to the west and northwest.[7] To its north and northeast, Baicheng is bordered byTailai County inQiqihar, as well asDorbod Mongol Autonomous County andZhaoyuan County inDaqing, all in the province ofHeilongjiang.[7]
The city's metro area is located 333 kilometres (207 mi) from the provincial capital ofChangchun, 218 kilometres (135 mi) from Qiqihar, 448 kilometres (278 mi) fromSiping, and 83 kilometres (52 mi) fromUlanhot.[citation needed]
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Baicheng has a rather dry,monsoon-influenced,humid continental climate (KöppenDwa), with long (lasting from November to March), very cold, windy, but dry winters due to the influence of theSiberian high, and hot, humid summers, due to theEast Asian monsoon. The coldest month, January, averages −16.1 °C (3.0 °F), while the warmest month, July, averages 23.5 °C (74.3 °F); the annual mean is 5.5 °C (41.9 °F). More than 70% of the annual precipitation falls from June to August alone. Drought conditions are common in spring and autumn; from 1961 to 2009, there were 31 years with spring drought and 28 with autumn drought.
| Climate data for Baicheng, elevation 155 m (509 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 40.0 (104.0) | 40.7 (105.3) | 38.0 (100.4) | 37.7 (99.9) | 34.0 (93.2) | 29.8 (85.6) | 19.3 (66.7) | 7.2 (45.0) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) | −3.0 (26.6) | 5.4 (41.7) | 15.6 (60.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 27.7 (81.9) | 29.2 (84.6) | 27.7 (81.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 13.7 (56.7) | 1.3 (34.3) | −7.5 (18.5) | 12.3 (54.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) | −10.3 (13.5) | −1.6 (29.1) | 8.6 (47.5) | 16.6 (61.9) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.0 (75.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 6.9 (44.4) | −4.8 (23.4) | −13.7 (7.3) | 5.8 (42.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.4 (−6.5) | −16.9 (1.6) | −8.6 (16.5) | 1.1 (34.0) | 9.6 (49.3) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 9.3 (48.7) | 0.8 (33.4) | −10.1 (13.8) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −0.3 (31.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.1 (−36.6) | −36.7 (−34.1) | −26.0 (−14.8) | −13.6 (7.5) | −4.4 (24.1) | 3.7 (38.7) | 8.0 (46.4) | 6.6 (43.9) | −2.9 (26.8) | −19.6 (−3.3) | −29.3 (−20.7) | −35.1 (−31.2) | −38.1 (−36.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.0 (0.04) | 2.0 (0.08) | 4.2 (0.17) | 16.0 (0.63) | 38.0 (1.50) | 81.9 (3.22) | 105.3 (4.15) | 70.2 (2.76) | 44.0 (1.73) | 12.9 (0.51) | 4.2 (0.17) | 2.7 (0.11) | 382.4 (15.07) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 7.4 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 9.3 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 67.3 |
| Average snowy days | 4.1 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 22.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 58 | 48 | 40 | 37 | 45 | 59 | 73 | 73 | 62 | 52 | 54 | 59 | 55 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 212.4 | 229.0 | 272.9 | 264.2 | 266.0 | 249.1 | 240.5 | 247.1 | 246.9 | 227.2 | 190.8 | 187.0 | 2,833.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 75 | 78 | 73 | 65 | 58 | 53 | 51 | 57 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 65 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
Baicheng directly administers onedistrict, twocounties, and twocounty-level cities.[7] These county-level divisions then in turn administer 31subdistricts, 38towns, and 35townships (including 8ethnic townships).[7]
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Taobei District | 洮北区 | Táoběi Qū | 490,000 | 2,525 | 194 |
| 2 | Da'an City | 大安市 | Dà'ān Shì | 420,000 | 4,879 | 86 |
| 3 | Taonan City | 洮南市 | Táonán Shì | 440,000 | 5,108 | 86 |
| 4 | Zhenlai County | 镇赉县 | Zhènlài Xiàn | 310,000 | 4,695 | 66 |
| 5 | Tongyu County | 通榆县 | Tōngyú Xiàn | 350,000 | 8,476 | 41 |
Per a 2023 government publication, 93.65% of Baicheng is ethnicallyHan Chinese.[11] Of the remaining 6.35%, the largestethnic minorities in the city include theMongols (3.51%), theManchu (1.92%),Koreans (0.58%), and theHui (0.21%).[11] As of 2023, Baicheng has eightethnic townships under its jurisdiction:Deshun Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] inTaobei District,Xin'aili Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] inDa'an,Hulitu Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] andHuhecheli Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] inTaonan,Momoge Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] andHatuqi Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] inZhenlai County, andXianghai Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] andBaolawendu Mongol Ethnic Township [zh] inTongyu County.[11]
43.3% of Baicheng's population lived inurban areas as of 2022.[12]
As of 2022, 50.2% of Baicheng's population ismale, and 49.8% isfemale.[12]
As of 2022, Baicheng'sgross domestic product (GDP) totaled 57.486 billionrenminbi (RMB).[12] Itsprimary sector accounted for 29.2% of its GDP, while itssecondary sector accounted for 18.9%, and itstertiary sector accounted for 51.9%.[12] Theper capitadisposable income ofurban residents in the city was 29,109 RMB, an increase of 2.4% over the previous year, while the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the city was 14,282 RMB, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year.[12]
The total output of the city'sagriculture,forestry,animal husbandry, andfishery industries totaled 31.577 billion RMB in 2022.[12] Major crops grown in Baicheng includemaize,rice, variousbeans, andoilseeds.[12]
Textile industry is one of the main pillars of the economy.[citation needed] It is home to the Baicheng Weapons Test Centre.[13]
The totalretail sales ofconsumer goods in Baicheng totaled 15.319 billion RMB in 2022.[12]
Baicheng was home to 3.203 billion RMB-worth of foreign trade in 2022.[12]
Baicheng railway station is a railway hub in western Jilin Province. It is the terminus of theChangchun–Baicheng railway. There are multiple daily departures to other cities including Beijing, Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian, Qiqihar, Ulanhot and several other cities in northern provinces of China.
Expressways
National highways (GXXX):
Baicheng Chang'an Airport is located in the town of Taohe (洮河) inTaobei District, 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) from the city center. It has been under construction since October 26, 2012.[14] The total investment is 480 million yuan.[15] The airport was opened on 31 March 2017, the fifth civil airport in Jilin province.[16] The airport has a runway that is 2,500 meters long and 45 meters wide (class 4C), and a 4,471 square-meter terminal building. It is designed to handle 200,000 passengers and 700 tons of cargo annually by 2020.[16]
As of 2022, Baicheng has oneart gallery, fivecultural centers, sixmuseums, and sixpublic libraries.[12] The city has sevenradio stations and sixtelevision channels.[12]
As of 2022, the city has 1,947 medical institutions, including 49hospitals, 6 maternal and child health care institutions, 5 specialized disease prevention and treatment institutions, 6 disease prevention and control centers, 11community service centers, 92township health centers, and 847 clinics, health centers, medical offices, and nursing stations.[12] At the end of the year, Baicheng's health institutions had 9,248 beds, of which, 8,980 were located in hospitals and health centers.[12] The city has 13,340 healthcare professionals, including 5,508 practicingassistant doctors, 4,397 practicing doctors, and 5,869 registerednurses.[12]
Barnaul,Altai Krai, RussiaImages have emerged showing what appears to be a new Chinese 8×8 assault gun equipped with a 105 mm main armament and a remote-controlled weapon station reportedly being trialled at what local media identified as the Baicheng Weapons Test Centre in northeastern China.
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| Geographic | |
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