Bacteriochlorophyllsa,b, andg arebacteriochlorins, meaning their molecules have a bacteriochlorinmacrocycle ring with tworeducedpyrrole rings (B and D). Bacteriochlorophyllsc,d,e, andf arechlorins, meaning their molecules have a chlorinmacrocycle ring with one reduced pyrrole ring (D).[4]
Bacteriochlorophyllsc tof occur in the form of closely relatedhomologs with differentalkyl groups attached to pyrrole rings B and C and are illustrated above in their simplest versions,esterified with thesesquiterpene alcoholfarnesol.[5] Most of the variation occurs in the 8 and 12 positions and can be attributed to methyltransferase variation.[6] BChl cS is a term for 8-ethyl,12-methyl homolog of BChl c.[7]
Bacteriochlorophyllg has avinyl group in ring (A), at position 8.[8]
The common biosynthetic precursor for bacteriochlorophylls is chlorophyllidea
There are a large number of known bacteriochlorophylls[4][9] but all have features in common since thebiosynthetic pathway involveschlorophyllidea (Chlidea) as an intermediate.[10]
Chlorin-cored BChls (c tof) are produced by a series of enzymatic modifications on the sidechain of Chlidea, much like how Chlb,d,e are made. The bacteriochlorin-cored BChlsa,b,g require a unique step to reduce the double bond between C7 and C8, which is performed bychlorophyllidea reductase (COR).[9]
^Niel, C. B. (1932). "On the morphology and physiology of the purple and green sulphur bacteria".Archiv für Mikrobiologie.3:1–112.doi:10.1007/BF00454965.S2CID19597530.
^abSenge, Mathias O.; Smith, Kevin M. (2004). "Biosynthesis and Structures of the Bacteriochlorophylls".Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Vol. 2. pp. 137–151.doi:10.1007/0-306-47954-0_8.ISBN0-7923-3681-X.
^Harada, Jiro; Shibata, Yutaka; Teramura, Misato; Mizoguchi, Tadashi; Kinoshita, Yusuke; Yamamoto, Ken; Tamiaki, Hitoshi (2018). "In Vivo Energy Transfer from Bacteriochlorophyll c , d , e , or f to Bacteriochlorophyll a in Wild-Type and Mutant Cells of the Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobaculum limnaeum".ChemPhotoChem.2 (3):190–195.doi:10.1002/cptc.201700164.
^Gloe, A; Risch, N (1 August 1978). "Bacteriochlorophyll cs, a new bacteriochlorophyll from Chloroflexus aurantiacus".Archives of Microbiology.118 (2):153–6.doi:10.1007/BF00415723.PMID697505.S2CID20011765.
^abChew, Aline Gomez Maqueo; Bryant, Donald A. (2007). "Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Bacteria: The Origins of Structural and Functional Diversity".Annual Review of Microbiology.61:113–129.doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093242.PMID17506685.
^Willows, Robert D. (2003). "Biosynthesis of chlorophylls from protoporphyrin IX".Natural Product Reports.20 (6):327–341.doi:10.1039/B110549N.PMID12828371.
^Battersby, Alan R. (2000). "Tetrapyrroles: The pigments of life: A Millennium review".Natural Product Reports.17 (6):507–526.doi:10.1039/B002635M.PMID11152419.
