Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai(in Romanian) Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem(in Hungarian) | |
 | |
| Latin:Universitas Claudiopolitana[1] Values: Traditio et Excellentia | |
| Motto | Tradition and Excellence through Culture-Science-Innovation since 1581 |
|---|---|
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1959 – Babeș-Bolyai University 1945 – Bolyai University 1919 – King Ferdinand I University (Victor Babeș University) 1581 – Academia/Universitas Claudiopolitana |
| Affiliation | Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities, Eutopia,[2]European University Association,International Association of Universities,Agence universitaire de la Francophonie,Association of Carpathian Region Universities,Santander Network,Balkan Universities Network |
| Budget | €77,237,173[3] |
| Rector | Adrian Petrușel[4] |
| President of the Senate | Florin Streteanu[5] |
Academic staff | 1,554(2021–2022) |
Administrative staff | 1,596(2021–2022) |
| Students | 48,620(2021–2022) |
| Undergraduates | 33,139 |
| Postgraduates | 9,543 |
| 2,239 | |
Other students | 4,699 |
| Location | 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street,Cluj-Napoca ,46°46′04″N23°35′29″E / 46.76767°N 23.59137°E /46.76767; 23.59137 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Language | Romanian, Hungarian, German, English, French |
| Colors | Black andwhite |
| Website | Official website |
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TheBabeș-Bolyai University (Romanian:Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai[ˈbabeʃˈbojɒ.i],Hungarian:Babeș-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, commonly known asUBB) is apublicresearch university located inCluj-Napoca, Romania. Established in 1581 asAcademia Claudiopolitana, it underwent several reorganizations over the centuries, eventually taking its current form in 1959 through the merger of Bolyai University (founded in 1945) and Victor Babeș University (founded in 1919).[6] It occupies the first position in the University Metaranking, initiated by the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research in 2016.[7][8]
Babeș-Bolyai University is the largest Romanian university with about 50,000 students.[9] It offers study programmes in Romanian, Hungarian, German, English, and French (as well as a smaller number of programmes at the Master's level taught in Spanish, Italian, and Japanese). The university was named, following the fusion in 1959 of the Romanian and Hungarian-language universities in Cluj, after two prominent scientists fromTransylvania, the Romanian bacteriologistVictor Babeș and the Hungarian mathematicianJános Bolyai. It is one of the five members of theUniversitaria Consortium (the group of elite Romanian universities, includingUAIC,UB,ASE andUVT).[10][11]
UBB is affiliated to theInternational Association of Universities,Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities, Eutopia, theSantander Group, theAgence universitaire de la Francophonie and theEuropean University Association.[2][12] Likewise, UBB signed theMagna Charta Universitatum and concluded partnerships with 210 universities in 50 countries.[13] The Babeș-Bolyai University is classified as anadvanced research and education university by theMinistry of Education.[14]
The history of education in Cluj-Napoca (Hungarian:Kolozsvár,German:Klausenburg,Principality of Transylvania) begins in 1581, with the establishment of theJesuit college byStephen Báthory,King of Poland,Grand Duke of Lithuania andPrince of Transylvania.[15] The college received buildings and land within the medieval city walls, specifically onPlatea Luporum (the present Mihail Kogălniceanu Street). The first rector of theCollegium Academicum Claudiopolitanum was the Polish Jesuit priestJakub Wujek.[16] The institution had the rights to confer the university/academic titles ofbaccalaureus,magister, anddoctor. In 1585, there were 230 students studying, divided into six classes. The language of instruction and learning wasLatin. After 1698, the institution was named Universitas Claudiopolitana, with use of Latin and subsequently German as languages of instruction. In 1753, EmpressMaria Theresa granted imperial status to the university, and in 1773, after thedissolution of the Jesuit Order, went under the administration of thePiarist order. In 1786, Universitas Claudiopolitana became the Royal Academic Lyceum (Lyceum Regium Academicum – semiuniversity statute), which was later followed by two institutions with a semiuniversity statute (e.g., offering training at baccalaureus/magister level, but not at doctor level): (a) the Surgical-Medical Institute and (b) the Academy of Law. These institutions were later incorporated in theFranz Joseph University.[17][18]
With the affirmation of the Romanian nation in the context of the Europeanrevolutions of 1848, the issue of education in Romanian was raised. At the request of the Romanians in 1870,József Eötvös (then Minister of Education) proposed the creation in Kolozsvár of a university teaching in Hungarian, Romanian and German, idea also welcomed by the Romanian elite. This hadn't come to fruition, as Eötvös died in 1871, and in 1872,Franz Joseph I legislated the establishment of theHungarian Royal University of Kolozsvár in Hungarian only, which caused dissatisfaction among Romanians.[19] After the oath, on 20 December 1872, 258 students started their courses. There were created four distinct faculties: the Faculty of Law and State Sciences, the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and History, and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Each possessed equal status and enjoyed internal autonomy. The first rector was Prof. Áron Berde from the Faculty of Law, specialist in economics and finance. Besides the four faculties, a Pedagogical Institute was formed for training secondary school teachers. In 1895 women were given rights to attend lectures at the university.[20]
After theFirst World War, and in the context of theGreat Union of 1918, the university was taken over by the Romanian authorities and became an institution of theKingdom of Romania. On 12 September 1919, the decree signed byKing Ferdinand I stipulated "the transformation of the Royal Hungarian Franz Joseph University into a Romanian university beginning on the 1st of October 1919".[19] The Hungarian staff who had not sworn allegiance to the Romanian state moved to Szeged where they contributed to the formation of theUniversity of Szeged (1921).
The new Romanian university, initially namedDacia Superior University (in reference to theRoman province by the same name), laterKing Ferdinand I University, was composed of four faculties: Law, Medicine, Sciences, Letters and Philosophy [sic]. The inaugural lecture, "The Duty of Our Life", was delivered byVasile Pârvan on 3 November 1919. The official inauguration took place between 31 January and 2 February 1920, in the presence ofKing Ferdinand I of Romania. The first elected rector wasSextil Pușcariu.[18][19]
In 1940, after the territorial revision imposed by theSecond Vienna Award, Hungary obtained the territory ofNorthern Transylvania, and the Romanian university was moved toTimișoara andSibiu.[20] The former Hungarian university reformed in the city, out of the University of Szeged. After the end of theSecond World War and the annulling of Hungary's territorial gains, on 1 June 1945, Romanian authorities returned to Cluj theKing Ferdinand I University (later renamedVictor Babeș University), and established theBolyai University, a state institution teaching in Hungarian, with four faculties (Letters [Philology] and Philosophy, Law and Political Economy, Sciences, and Human Medicine which, in 1948, was separated and moved to Târgu Mureș to form theUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy).[19]
In the spring of 1959, the two educational institutions were united as theBabeș-Bolyai University,[19] after two renowned scholars ofTransylvania: Romanian physician andbacteriologistVictor Babeș (co-founder of modernmicrobiology) and HungarianmathematicianJános Bolyai (known for developingabsolute geometry). In 1995, the Babeș-Bolyai University reorganized its structure, introducing a multicultural based education.[19]
UBB is today a complex university, having programs ranging from art/humanities, social sciences, as well as life and natural sciences, to mathematics/computer sciences alongside engineering and technology.[21]
The main campus is located in the city of Cluj-Napoca, with university buildings spread across the city. The university has 17 student housing areas,[22] totaling 5,280 residential quarters (4,964 for students, 100 for athletes and 216 for PhD);[23] most notable areHașdeu andEconomica. All dormitories are renovated, thermally insulated, have double-glazed windows, laminate flooring and chipboard or wood furniture. TheLucian Blaga University Library is located in the city centre. The university also has several colleges located in other cities spread across theTransylvania andMaramureș historical regions.
Within the university's cultural possessions are several museums, such as the University Museum (established in April 2001, with a collection of more than 750 original and facsimile pieces),[24] the Mineralogical Museum, the Botanical Museum, the Paleontology-Stratigraphy Museum, theVivarium and the Zoological Museum.
Babeș-Bolyai University has almost 50.000 students in 2021. Between 1993 and 2021, the number of students has quadrupled, from 12,247 in 1993 to 48,620 in 2021.[9][25] The structure of the student body is composed out of 2,239 PhD students, 9,543 master's degree students, and 33,139 undergraduates. The university has 22 faculties and an academic community of over 55.000 members.[9] It offers bachelor's, master's, and PhD degrees, along with advanced postgraduate studies. UBB is the only university inEurope that has four faculties oftheology (Orthodox, Reformed, Roman Catholic, and Greek Catholic).[26]
The university is a multicultural institution which is very well illustrated by its structure: there are 291 study programmes in Romanian (148 bachelor's studies and 143 master's studies); 110 study programmes in Hungarian (70 bachelor's studies and 40 master's studies); and 15 study programmes in German (10 bachelor's studies and 5 master's studies).[27] The Hungarian and German minorities are proportionately represented in the Professors' Council and the University Senate.
41.5% of foreign students come fromMoldova andUkraine, 27.4% fromEU andEEA, and 31.1% from non-EU and non-EEA states.[28]
| Year | Number of students |
|---|---|
| 1872 | 258 |
| 1919 | 1,871(+625.2%) |
| 1938 | 3,094(+65.4%) |
| 1971 | 14,438(+366.6%) |
| 1989 | 5,940(−58.9%) |
| 1993 | 12,247(+106.2%) |
| 2003 | 38,048(+210.7%) |
| 2013 | 40,207(+5.7%) |
| 2014 | 41,136(+2.3%) |
| 2019 | 44,940(+9.2%) |
| 2021 | 48,620(+8.2%) |
| Faculty | Address | Specializations[21] |
|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics | 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street | 3
|
| Faculty of Physics | 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street | 4
|
| Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering | 11 Arany János Street | 7
|
| Faculty of Geography | 44 Republicii Street | 5
|
| Faculty of Biology and Geology | 5–7 Clinicilor Street | 6
|
| Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering | 30 Fântânele Street | 4
|
| Faculty of Law | 11 Avram Iancu Street | 1
|
| Faculty of Literature | 31 Horea Street | 21
|
| Faculty of History and Philosophy | 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street | 10
|
| Faculty of Sociology and Social Assistance | 128–130 21 Decembrie 1989 Boulevard | 4
|
| Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences | 7 Sindicatelor Street | 4
|
| Faculty of Economics and Business Administration | 58–60 Teodor Mihali Street | 11
|
| Faculty of European Studies | 1 Emmanuel de Martonne Street | 4
|
| Faculty of Business | 7 Horea Street | 2
|
| Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences | 71 General Traian Moșoiu Street | 7
|
| Faculty of Physical Education and Sport | 7 Pandurilor Street | 3
|
| Faculty of Orthodox Theology | Episcop Nicolae Ivan, F. N. Street | 4
|
| Faculty of Greek Catholic Theology | 26 Moților Street | 3
|
| Faculty of Reformed Theology | 7 Horea Street | 3
|
| Faculty of Roman Catholic Theology | 2 Iuliu Maniu Street | 4
|
| Faculty of Theatre and Television | 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street | 5
|
| University rankings | |
|---|---|
| Global – Overall | |
| QS World[30] | 761-770 (2026) |
| THE World[31] | 1001–1200 (2024) |
| USNWR Global[32] | =717 (2023) |
UBB typically occupies the first position among the Romanian universities in the major international ranking of universities.[33][34] In 2016, the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research commissioned the University Metaranking, combining the major international rankings of universities, as recognized byIREG). Since 2016, UBB occupies the first position among Romanian universities in the same Metaranking, although the classification process is now undertaken by the independent organization.[7][8][35][36] In February 2022, the Ministry of Education issued a new methodology and metaranking, where UBB also occupied the first place.[37] In 2019, based on British QS STAR academic audit,[38] UBB was evaluated as an international university with excellence in teaching and research. In 2021, another QS audit granted the university a five-star rating, which is indicative of a world-class university, with an internationally recognized reputation across multiple academic fields.[39]
In 1995, the Babeș-Bolyai University introduced an educational system backed by theHigh Commissioner on National Minorities[40] and based on multiculturalism and multilingualism, with three lines of study (Romanian, Hungarian and German) at all levels of academic degrees.[41]
The Hungarian section enrolls 4,874 students in 115 study programmes (75 bachelor's level and 40 master's level); the university is thus the principal institution that educates members of the Hungarian minority in Transylvania.[41]
The Hungarian section of the university has a partial autonomy,[42] gradually increasing in the recent years.[43] However, in the opinion of the Council of the Hungarian section, those members appointed by the Hungarian-speaking teaching staff desire a more institutionalized form of autonomy. Since university decision-making is based on majority vote of the entire faculty, the Hungarian representatives in minority can always be silenced by this procedure.
In November 2006,Hantz Péter and Kovács Lehel, lecturers at the Babeș-Bolyai University, were discharged by the university after a series of actions started in October 2005 taken for language equality. They were campaigning for the re-organization of the Bolyai University by splitting it in two independent institutions.[44] On 22 November 2006, the university organized an exhibition in theEuropean Parliament, where they tried to give the impression that there are multilingual signs at the university. That day, Hantz added signs like "Information" and "No smoking" in Hungarian alongside those ones in Romanian.[45] The two acted upon a decree permitting the use of multilingual signs, which had been decreed by the university but never put in practice, and official claims that the university is a multicultural institution with three working languages (Romanian, German and Hungarian).[46] On 27 November 2006, the Senate voted for exclusion of the two lecturers, with 72 for and 9 against (from 2 Romanian and 7 Hungarian members) votes. The Hungarian academic community is convinced that the exclusion was not a disciplinary action, but the vote was not ethnic based.[45] In spite of protests, the resignation out of solidarity by several Hungarian-speaking university staff, and a call by 24 Hungarian MEPs for the reinstatement of the lecturers, they remained unemployed.[45] The parties in theHungarian Parliament asked the university to reinstate the two professors and respect the rights of the Hungarian minority. The presidents of the five parties represented in the Hungarian Parliament signed a statement of protest.Istvan Hiller, the Education Minister of Hungary, wrote to his Romanian counterpart Mihail Hărdău, asking for his help on the issue.[46] The case has also been put forward in theParliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.Göran Lindblad, from the SwedishEuropean People's Party, along with 24 signatories from 19 European countries, presented a motion for a resolution on the alleged breaching of the 1994Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by theRomanian Government.[47]
The two lecturers sued Romania at theEuropean Court of Human Rights (ECHR) inStrasbourg. Hantz and Kovacs turned to former Hungarian Justice MinisterAlbert Takács to represent them at the ECHR, eventually accepting the proposal.[48] In 2008, the European Court of Human Rights established that the decision of UBB Senate to exclude Hantz Péter and Kovács Lehel from the teaching staff of the educational institution was legal.[49]
In 2010, the education law has sparked numerous controversies by promoting ethnic segregation in higher education, according to teachers representatives.[50] Anton Hadăr, president ofAlma Mater Federation of Trade Unions in University Education considers that the separation of UBB on ethnic criteria would be not only risky but also unproductive. Among main disadvantages would be the increasingly serious gaps of ethnic Hungarians regarding the knowledge ofRomanian language. Romanian MEPCorina Crețu warned that adopting the education law, with the claims ofUDMR, would have harmful effects especially in Cluj. "Applying the law could lead to breaking UBB", stated Crețu.[50]
Doctor Honoris Causa, Professor Honoris Causa include a long list of public personalities, such as:[51]
On June 20, 2025, a student from Babeș-Bolyai University was involved in a violent incident during a written examination, in which he physically assaulted a doctoral teaching assistant. The student was reportedly employed by the local police force in Cluj-Napoca at the time. The incident sparked public debate regarding student conduct, institutional safety, and the responsibilities of public servants enrolled in higher education. University and law enforcement authorities initiated internal investigations following the event.[52]
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