| Baba Vida | |
|---|---|
| Vidin,Bulgaria | |
 Baba Vida | |
| Site information | |
| Condition | Museum |
| Location | |
  Baba Vida | |
| Coordinates | 43°59′35″N22°53′12″E / 43.99306°N 22.88667°E /43.99306; 22.88667 |
Baba Vida (Bulgarian:Баба Вида) is a medieval castle inVidin in northwesternBulgaria and the town's primary landmark. It consists of two concentriccurtain walls and about nine towers of which three are preserved to their full medieval height, including the original battlements, and is the only entirely preserved medieval castle in the country. Baba Vida is 39 metres (128 ft) above sea level.[1]
The construction of the castle began in the 10th century at the place of theancient Roman castell Bononia. The building of Baba Vida is tied to a legend, according to which a Danubian Bulgarian king who ruled at Vidin had three daughters: Vida, Kula, and Gamza. Prior to his death, he divided his realm among the three. Vida, the eldest, was given Vidin and the lands north to theCarpathians, Kula was awardedZaječar and theTimok Valley, and Gamza was to rule the lands west up to theMorava. Although Gamza and Kula married to drunkard and warlike nobles, Vida remained unmarried and built the castle in her city. The name of the castle means "Granny Vida".[2]
Baba Vida served as part of Vidin's main defensive installation during the course of theMiddle Ages and acted as thecitadel of the most important fortress of northwestern Bulgaria. The Baba Vida stronghold withstood an eight-month-long siege byByzantine forces led byBasil II. It was enlarged and modernized during the rule oftsarIvan Stratsimir (1356–1396), as whose capital it served. Between 1365 and 1369, the castle was inHungarian hands. Vidin was suddenly attacked by the forces ofLouis I of Hungary, but it took several months to conquer Baba Vida. In 1369, Ivan Sratsimir managed to regain control of his capital, albeit having to remain under Hungarian overlordship.
In 1388, theOttomans invaded Sratsimir's lands and forced him to become theirvassal. In 1396, he joined an anti-Ottoman crusade led by the King of Hungary,Sigismund, placing his resources at the crusaders' disposal. The crusade ended in the disastrousBattle of Nicopolis atNikopol, Bulgaria, with the Ottomans capturing most of Sratsimir's domains shortly thereafter, in 1397.
The castle played a role during theOttoman rule of Bulgaria, serving as a weapon warehouse and aprison, also as residence forOsman Pazvantoğlu, and it has been no longer used for defensive purposes since the end of the 18th century.
Today, Baba Vida castle functions as a museum. Being a popular tourist attraction, the castle is being kept in repair.
