Baba Ishak | |
|---|---|
| Born | Sultanate of Rûm |
| Died | 1241 (1242) |
| Criminal charge | Rebellion against State,Treason,Vandalism |
| Penalty | Hanged to death (execution) |
| Details | |
| Victims | unknown |
| Date | 1239 –1241 |
| Killed | unknown |
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Baba Ishak, also spelledBaba Ishāq,Babaî, orBābā’ī, a 13th-century preacher, led anuprising of theTurkoman ofAnatolia against theSeljuq Sultanate of Rûm well known asBabai Revoltc. 1239 until he was hanged in 1241.[1][2]
It had a become a common practice on Turk lands under theSeljuk reign for these "baba's" to spread their "aggregated band of religiosity under the apparent guise ofSufism". "Their extra-Islamic beliefs and non-shari'atic practices had a major influence on Turkish masses, especially those who had remained superficially-Islamized Muslims. It was for the same reasons and in the same regions that these non-orthodox Sufis set out a series of clashes against orthodox Sunnite authorities". "Since the emergence of Babas, the religious distance between the non-orthodox Sufism and orthodoxIslam continued to broaden. As the former enlarged their dominance, the tension between the two had grown. At the peak of this tension occurred the first and most severe clash of Anatolian history, known as the Babai Rebellion (1240) wherein Baba Ishak and his followers revolted against the Seljuk sultanate".[3]
WhenKayqubad I became sultan, he had appointed “Mūhy’ad-Dîn Muhammad bin Ali bin Ahmad Tahīmī”, anIranianShia[clarification needed] as thekadı ofSivas."Bābā Ishāk Kafarsudī" was the student of thisbātīn’īyyah Sufi philosopher inShiraz.[4] According to Turkish historian Hüseyin Hüsameddin (1869-1939), Bābā Ishāk Kafarsudī was actually a member of “Binaz/Komnenos Dynasty” and planning to establish aChristianvassal state inAmasya for the “Komnenos Dynasty.” He was disguising his true identity and preaching a creed of mixture ofMuslim-Christian belief.[5] According toTahir Harimi Balcıoğlu, while attending the lectures of Mūhy’ad-Dīn inShiraz, Bābā Ishāk Kafarsudī was appointed by “the President of theNizārī Ismā'īlī state andNizārīIsmā'īlīDa’i Â’zāmNūr’ad-Dīn Muhammad Sānī ibnḤasan ʿAlā of theAlamūtHūkūmat-ee Malāheda-ee Bātīn’īyyah” as theAnatolianDa'i for the mission of theShiʿa-ee Bātīn’īyyah.[2]
According toIbn Bibi, the celebrated Seljuk historian, Baba Ishaq was a Turkish holy man who practiced his gifted magic and its related arts liketalismans. Having preached among Turkish tribes, he acquired a large number of followers, Turkmen and Christian alike, in various parts of Anatolia, and became one of the greatest Qalandar babas. Baba Ishak proclaimed himself as theprophet or themessiah, and thus was revered with the title Baba RasulAllah among his followers.[6][3] His followers used to think that Baba Ishak was immortal.[7] Baba's followers clearly wanted to get away from basic orthodox Islamic teaching and wanted to drinkalcohol and pray with music. They did not want to go to mosques or fast in Ramadan.[8] Hamad Subani has researched on this further and established a relation between their practices and those of early Jews and Christians.[9]
As the dominance of his influence with this belief was growing enough, Baba excited his followers to do armed "jihad" (using an Islamic term to satisfy his personal objectives), against the sultan’s regime. In the consequent clash, while the followers of Baba Ishak took over several prominent cities of the north eastern Anatolia, their Baba, so called, Rasool Allah, was captured and executed (1240).[3]
This uprising is claimed to have contributed to weakening ofSeljuk empire eventually leading to takeover of much of Central and EasternAnatolia byMongols in 1243.[10]
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