Baščaršija Башчаршија | |
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Neighbourhood | |
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  Baščaršija | |
| Coordinates:43°51′32″N18°25′48″E / 43.859°N 18.430°E /43.859; 18.430 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Sarajevo Canton |
| City | Sarajevo |
| Municipality | Stari Grad, Sarajevo |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | +387 |
Baščaršija (Cyrillic: Башчаршија;pronounced[baʃ.tʃǎr.ʃi.ja]) isSarajevo's oldbazaar and the historical and cultural center of the city. Baščaršija was built in the 15th century whenIsa-beg Ishaković founded the city.[1]
Baščaršija is located on the north bank of the riverMiljacka, in the municipality ofStari Grad. On Baščaršija there are several important historic buildings, such as theGazi Husrev-beg Mosque andsahat-kula. Today Baščaršija is the major tourist attraction ofSarajevo.
The word Baščaršija derives from theTurkish language. The word "baš" which is "baş" in Turkish literally means "head", but in some contexts also means "primary", "main", "capital". "Čaršija" which is "çarşı" in Turkish means "bazaar" or "market".[2]
Although the suffix "ja" (modern Turkish: "(y)a") means "to" in Turkish, implying that the full name of the district literally translates to "to the main bazaar", it is more likely that the ending -ija is aBosnianism, as many Turkish loanwords have the same ending to conform to Bosnian grammatical rules.[3] In thenominative case, the place has always been referred to in Turkish as "Başçarşı" only, without "ya".
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Before the arrival of theOttomans in the largest settlement on Sarajevo field was the village square Tornik, which was located at the crossroad of the roads where today is theAli Pasha's Mosque. Baščaršija was built in 1462 whenIsa-Beg Isaković built the Ishaković han, in addition to its many shops.[4][5]
Around the main entrance, the Bazerdžaničaršija was formed. The čaršija Kazaz is situated to the west, and to the north sit both the čaršija Sedlar and Sarača. The most significant buildings constructed during this period were mosques. Baščaršija's famous mosque was built by Havedža Durak in 1528, andGazi Husrev-beg built his mosque in 1530.[6][7]
Gazi Husrev-beg built aGazi Husrev-begova Medresa, a library, ahaniqah, the Gazi Husrev-begHamam, the Gazi Husrev-beg bezistan, theMorića Han,sahat-kula and other tourist attractions in Baščaršija. Gazi Husrev-Beg was buried in the harem of his mosque, beside the harem is thetürbe of his freed slave and the first mutevelija of his vakuf,Murat-beg Tardić.[8][9]
Along with Islamic places of worship erected at that time, Baščaršija is also the location of theOld Orthodox Church, built sometime during the 16th century and first mentioned in Ottoman sources from 1539, and also the firstSephardic Jewish temple the Old Synagogue, built between 1581 and 1587. Just next to the Old Synagogue (Bosnian:Stari Hram = Old Temple) the New Synagogue (Bosnian:Novi Hram = New Temple) was built a short time after.[10][11]
Today the Jewish community uses the more recently erectedsynagogue just across the Miljacka river, while both Old and New synagogue buildings are used as Jewish cultural centers. The New Synagogue was donated by the Jewish community to the city of Sarajevo and serves as a gallery called Novi Hram. The Old Synagogue building was turned into the Jewish Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered to be one of the finest exhibition spaces in the former Yugoslavia.[12]
During the 16th century a number of commercial facilities was built, such asbezistans, hans, andcaravanserais.[citation needed] Sarajevo was an important center of trade in theBalkans and had three bezistans (today theGazi Husrev-begov bezistan andBrusa bezistan are still standing). There were colonies ofVenetian andRagusan traders, and Baščaršija had approximately 12,000 commercial and craft shops.[citation needed]
After the earthquake in 1640 and several fires in 1644 and 1656, Sarajevo was burned and devastated by the troops ofPrince Eugene of Savoy in 1697. Travel writerEvliya Çelebi wrote:
The city of Sarajevo didn't expand significantly until the 19th century. With the Austro-Hungarian occupation in 1878, foreign architects wanted to rebuild Sarajevo into a modern European city. A fire contributed to this process, destroying parts of the Stari Grad.[citation needed]
With the liberation of Sarajevo in 1945 after theSecond World War, a committee decided that the market should be gradually demolished, believing that it had no role in a modern city. However, the plans were cancelled, and the buildings were left standing.[13][14]
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