Bačka Palanka | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
      From top: City Hall, Main pedestrian street,Catholic church in Bačka Palanka, Library "Veljko Petrović", Sports Recreation Center "Tikvara", Panorama of the city with theChurch of St. John the Baptist | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location of the city of Bačka Palanka inSerbia | |
 Interactive map of Bačka Palanka | |
| Coordinates:45°15′N19°24′E / 45.250°N 19.400°E /45.250; 19.400 | |
| Country |  Serbia |
| Province |  Vojvodina |
| Region | Bačka (Podunavlje) |
| District | South Bačka |
| Municipality | Bačka Palanka |
| Settlements | 14 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Branislav Šušnica (SNS) |
| Area | |
| • Town | 130.42 km2 (50.36 sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 589.84 km2 (227.74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 83 m (272 ft) |
| Population (2022 census)[3] | |
| • Town | 25,476 |
| • Town density | 195.34/km2 (505.92/sq mi) |
| • Municipality | 48,265 |
| • Municipality density | 81.827/km2 (211.93/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Palančanin (♂) Palančanka (♀) (pergrammatical gender) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 21400 |
| Area code | +381 21 |
| Official languages | Serbian together withSlovak[1] |
| Website | www |
Bačka Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic:Бачка Паланка,pronounced[bâːtʃkaːpǎlaːnka];Hungarian:Palánka) is a town and municipality located in theSouth Bačka District of the autonomous province ofVojvodina,Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of theDanube. In 2022 the town had a total population of 25,476, while Bačka Palanka municipality had 48,265 inhabitants.
InSerbian, the town is known as Бачка Паланка orBačka Palanka, inSlovak asBáčska Palanka, inCroatian asBačka Palanka, inHungarian asBácspalánka, inGerman asPlankenburg and inTurkish asKüçük Hisar.
Its name means "a town inBačka" inSerbian. The word "palanka" itself originates fromTurkish language. This word was also adopted by Serbs and it is used in the Serbian language with the same meaning. Older Serbian names for this town were Palanka (Паланка), Stara Palanka (Стара Паланка), Nova Palanka (Нова Паланка) and Nemačka Palanka (Немачка Паланка).
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Archeologists have proved that people have lived in the area for centuries. There are many archaeological objects from theStone Age,Bronze Age,Iron Age andRoman period.
In the 11th century, this area was populated byHungarians andSerbs.[4] Bačka Palanka is first mentioned as a settlement in 1486, as a suburb ofIlok calledIločka. Until the 16th century, this area was administered by theKingdom of Hungary.
At the beginning of the 16th century, the village was the property of a landownerLaurence of Ilok, a duke ofSyrmia. It was destroyed by theOttomans after TheBattle of Mohács in 1526, but was then rebuilt as a smallOttomanfortress named Palanka. During the Ottoman administration (16th-17th century), Palanka was mostly populated by ethnic Serbs.[5]
In 1687 Palanka was absorbed into theHabsburg monarchy and more OrthodoxSerbs settled here. Palanka was then mentioned as a small town with 167 houses, all of which were Serb (1720 census data).[6] Later,Germans,Slovaks andHungarians settled here as well.[4]
It was part of the HabsburgMilitary Frontier from 1702 to 1744. Nova Palanka (New Palanka) was founded between 1765 and 1770, 2 kilometers away from the original Palanka (which then became known as Stara Palanka - Old Palanka) and Nemačka Palanka (German Palanka) was founded byDanube Swabians in 1783. Those three towns became one city, Bačka Palanka, in the 20th century.
Palanka's industrial development started in 1765, when a brick plant was built. It got its first post office in 1828. In 1875, one of the first libraries inVojvodina was opened. In 1884 the Sintelon company was founded. In 1886, the first state school started functioning. By 1894, a railway was built from Bačka Palanka toFeketić and a firstphone call was made toNovi Sad.
In the second half of the 19th century, the German population became more numerous than the Serbian.[7] According to the 1910 census, the population of Stara Palanka was mostly Serb, while populations of Nova Palanka and Nemačka Palanka were mostly German (Danube Swabian). A large number of them immigrated to North America both before and after World War II. Trenton, New Jersey was the most popular settling place for these German Palankaers.[8]
The city was under Habsburg administration until 1918, when it became part of theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed asYugoslavia). During theWorld War II (from 1941 to 1944), it was underAxis (Horty Hungary) occupation. In 1944, one part of Bačka Palanka's citizens of German ethnicity left the city, together with the defeated German army. As a consequence of the war, the site of a post-World War II work camp for the remainingethnic Germans (Danube Swabians) was formed here under a newcommunist administration. After the work camps were dissolved (in 1948), the remaining German population was expelled from Yugoslavia in anethnic cleansing. To replace the Germans, 3,609 (mostly Serb) colonists were settled in the town after World War II. Most of them originated fromBosnia and Herzegovina.
During the 1990s, about 5,000 refugees from Croatia and Bosnia moved to Bačka Palanka because of theYugoslav wars. During theNATO bombing in 1999, Bačka Palanka was bombed by NATO twice, on 2 and 27 April. On both occasions the target was theIlok–Bačka Palanka Bridge. It was only damaged, but not destroyed.
In 2002, 4tons offish stew were cooked at Kaloš Čarda at the Bager Lake in Bačka Palanka and it entered theGuinness Book of Records.
The Bačka Palanka municipality includes the city of Bačka Palanka and several villages.
Villages on the northern bank of the riverDanube, in the region ofBačka:
Villages on the southern bank of the riverDanube, in the region ofSyrmia:
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | 46,795 | — |
| 1953 | 48,948 | +0.90% |
| 1961 | 52,199 | +0.81% |
| 1971 | 54,410 | +0.42% |
| 1981 | 58,155 | +0.67% |
| 1991 | 58,835 | +0.12% |
| 2002 | 60,966 | +0.32% |
| 2011 | 55,528 | −1.03% |
| 2022 | 48,265 | −1.27% |
| Source:[9] | ||
According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Bačka Palanka had 55,528 inhabitants.
Ethnic composition of the town and municipality:
| Ethnic group | Population (town) | Population (municipality) |
|---|---|---|
| Serbs | 23,155 | 43,843 |
| Slovaks | 1,055 | 5,047 |
| Hungarians | 1,003 | 1,356 |
| Roma | 262 | 1,064 |
| Croats | 520 | 819 |
| Yugoslavs | 117 | 160 |
| Montenegrins | 73 | 133 |
| Germans | 74 | 105 |
| Others | 1,980 | 3,001 |
| Total | 28,239 | 55,528 |
Tourism is developed in Bačka Palanka. The city is famous for Tikvara, anatural monument. Tikvara is a Danube lake. Tikvara covers an area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 square miles). The Tikvara Resort complex is built along the lake for practicing various sports, recreational and entertaining activities. There are 33archeological sites in the municipality. It is also known forKarađorđevo, which has a hunting ground and horse farm. People enjoy racing derbies in Karađorđevo. At the time of Serbia's emancipation, engraver Marko Vujatović worked on the intricateiconostasis of the Serbian Orthodox Church ofSt. John the Baptist. Bačka Palanka's Serbian church is one of the oldest churches inVojvodina some built on foundations of temples of even earlier times. The north of the town is the Bagremara forest.
Industry in Bačka Palanka started developing in the 18th century. The first companies were built in the second half of the 18th century. A brick plant was opened in 1765, and a tobacco storehouse was opened a year later. In 1974 theBridge of Youth was built to connect Bačka Palanka andIlok in Croatia. Today, Bačka Palanka falls among the ten most developed municipalities in Vojvodina. Bačka Palanka municipality is an agricultural and industrial center. The main industries arefood,metallurgy,textiles,electronic andmachine industry. The most famous factories are Enia, Sintelon,Tarkett,Nectar, Dunavprevoz, AD Bačka,Carlsberg, Marina, Majevica, Plattner, Žitoprodukt, Budućnost and others.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[10]
| Activity | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 677 |
| Mining and quarrying | - |
| Manufacturing | 5,341 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 40 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 504 |
| Construction | 334 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 1,881 |
| Transportation and storage | 1,047 |
| Accommodation and food services | 380 |
| Information and communication | 69 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 190 |
| Real estate activities | 19 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 297 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 444 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 639 |
| Education | 762 |
| Human health and social work activities | 610 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 172 |
| Other service activities | 176 |
| Individual agricultural workers | 822 |
| Total | 14,405 |
Sport is very popular in Bačka Palanka. People enjoy swimming in Lake Tikvara and cycling down the banks of The Danube.Sports includehandball, football (soccer),basketball andkarate. There is achess tournament every year, Bačka Palanka Open.
The most famoussport clubs in Bačka Palanka are:
Seats in the municipality parliament won in the 2004 local elections:[11]
Seats in the municipality parliament after 2008 elections:[12]
Bačka Palanka istwinned with:
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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