| Alexander Dennis Enviro400EV | |
|---|---|
_Brooklands_14-04-2024.jpg) Stagecoach West Alexander Dennis Enviro400EV at theLondon Bus Museum in April 2024 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Alexander Dennis |
| Production | 2018–present |
| Body and chassis | |
| Doors | Single or dual door |
| Floor type | Low floor |
| Chassis | BYD K series (1st gen) Integral (2nd gen) |
| Related | Alexander Dennis Enviro400 City |
| Powertrain | |
| Electric motor | 2 x BYD 150kW in-wheel (1st gen) Voith Electrical Drive System HD (2nd gen) |
| Capacity | 64–72 seated |
| Battery | 320 kWhLFP (1st gen) 354kWh or 472kWhNMC (2nd gen) |
| Electric range | 160 miles (260 km) (1st gen)[1] 385 miles (620 km) (2nd gen)[2] |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 10.3 m (33 ft 10 in) to 10.8 m (35 ft 5 in) |
| Width | 2.55 m (8 ft 4 in) |
| Height | 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in) to 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in) |
| Curb weight | 11 tonnes (10.8 long tons; 12.1 short tons) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC |
TheAlexander Dennis Enviro400EV is abattery electricdouble-decker bus produced by the British bus manufacturerAlexander Dennis. Formerly Based on itsAlexander Dennis Enviro400 City body, which was launched in 2015 to compete with thehybrid electricNew Routemaster, the Enviro400EV is produced at Alexander Dennis'Falkirk andScarborough factories in the United Kingdom, with production of the type at the company'sLarbert headquarters set to also commence in mid-2023.[3] The Enviro400EV is available both as a complete integral battery electric bus and as a battery electric bus body on aBYD K series chassis, as well the integralEnviro400FCEVfuel cell bus. The first generation Enviro400EV was in partnership with Chinese electric vehicle manufacturerBYD Auto since 2018 until 2024.
In 2018, Alexander Dennis launched the Enviro400EV in partnership withBYD Auto, based on the Enviro400 City body and built on a BYD chassis. It is the second battery electric bus model from Alexander Dennis, following 2016's launch of thesingle deckEnviro200EV, also produced in partnership with BYD. Initially, the first 10.9 metre Enviro400EVs first entered service withTransport for London (TfL) operatorMetroline onroute 43 in 2019,[4][5] followed by a shorter 10.3 metre variant launched in 2021.[6][7]
Alexander Dennis added to the EV range by introducing theEnviro400FCEV fuel cell bus in 2021, with the first completed example of the type being shown at the 2022 Euro Bus Expo. The Enviro400FCEV can be equipped with either a 45 kW or 60 kWBallard FCmove-HD hydrogen cell as well as a 30 kWh electric reserve battery from Impact Clean Power Technologies, and the Enviro400FCEV has a maximum power output of 350 kWh provided by the Voith Electrical Drive System, offering a maximum range of 300 miles (480 km).[8]
A second-generation Enviro400EV, featuring a newly restyled exterior and driver's cab, a newVoith driveline with a 410 kW peak power output, as well as options for either 472kWh or 354kWhNMC batteries repositioned further towards the front of the bus, was announced by Alexander Dennis in November 2022,[9] with the first complete bus unveiled in November 2023. Anopen top variant was also announced upon the launch of the second-generation Enviro400EV,[10][11] while a variant built to TfL specification, offered with 14 year or 1 million kilometres (620,000 mi) warranty that allowed the buses to be used for two consecutive TfL bus contracts without requiring battery replacement, was revealed in August 2024.[12]
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Large numbers of first-generation Enviro400EVs on BYD chassis have entered service with London's bus operators for TfL bus services across the city. Customers includeGo-Ahead London,[13] who alone have ordered 169 of the type for delivery throughout 2023,[14]Metroline,RATP Dev Transit London,[15]Stagecoach London andAbellio London. Ten of Stagecoach London's Enviro400EVs were used to shuttle delegates and world leaders at the2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference inGlasgow prior to entering London service,[16][17][18] while a batch of Abellio Enviro400EVs operating onroute 63 were delivered with enhanced interiors specified under TfL's Future Bus project.[19][20][21] Go-Ahead London also took delivery of eighteen Enviro400EVs fitted withpantograph chargers for service onroute 132 in 2021.[22][23]
National Express West Midlands andNational Express Coventry are also major operators of first-generation Enviro400EVs, with its first 19 entering service inBirmingham in July 2020 and an additional 10 arriving atCoventry later in the year.[24] National Express Coventry began taking delivery of an order of 130 Enviro400EVs in late 2022 as part of a plan for Coventry to have the first all-electric bus fleet in a UK city,[25] with the completion of the order in September 2023 converting the National Express Coventry fleet to 80% zero-emission vehicles.[26] A further 170 Enviro400EVs were delivered to National Express West Midlands in late 2024, taking National Express' total fleet of first-generation Enviro400EVs in theWest Midlands to 329.[27]National Express Transport Solutions, the tour coaching arm of the National Express Group, also took delivery of four Enviro400EVs in May 2022 for tourist shuttle services to theWarner Bros. Studios, Leavesden.[28]
Stagecoach Manchester took delivery of 32 Enviro400EVs in early 2020, which were allocated to theSharston depot for service in South Manchester.[29][30] In addition,Stagecoach in Cambridge received two in February 2020 on theCambridge Citi 6 service.[31] 22 Enviro400EVs were also delivered toStagecoach Bluebird for service inAberdeen in April 2022,[32][33] which were joined by 13 more in 2023.[34][35]
First Leeds ordered five Enviro400EVs for theStourton Park & Ride, which entered service with the opening of the site in mid-2021,[36] whileFirst Glasgow also ordered 91 Enviro400EVs alongside 22 Enviro200EVs in 2021. Delivery of the first batches of these buses began following the COP26 conference.[37] Four Enviro400EVs were delivered toLothian Buses in March 2021 with branding advertisingScottish Power, who helped to fund Lothian's order for the buses,[38] and 12 Enviro400EVs were delivered toXplore Dundee, entering service in early 2022.[39][40]
Transport for Greater Manchester ordered 100 Enviro400EVs in 2022 for use on its franchised 'Bee Network' bus services, which commenced operations in September 2023; the first 50 buses began to be delivered toGo North West for Bee Network services inBolton in June 2023,[41][42] and the remaining 50 entered service with Stagecoach Manchester inOldham from March 2024.[43][needs update]
Twenty Enviro400FCEVs were ordered by theLiverpool City Region Combined Authority for use on contract to bothStagecoach Merseyside and South Lancashire andArriva Merseyside. The "publicly owned" hydrogen buses are branded forLiverpool's MetroBus network and operate on service 10A, Liverpool's busiest bus route which connects the city withSt Helens viaKnowsley.[44][45] The first bus from this order was completed in November 2022,[8] and the first buses started entering service with Arriva in May 2023.[46][47] Issues with the supply of green hydrogen fuel meant that between 2023 and early 2024, most of Arriva's Enviro400FCEVs were non-operational,[48] however combined with both the finding of a stable supply of green hydrogen and a battery refit, the fleet of 20 Enviro400FCEVs were set to begin re-entering service from mid-2024.[49]
The Stagecoach Group were the first operator to order and take delivery of the second-generation Enviro400EV, taking delivery of the first of 55 Enviro400EVs forStagecoach West'sOxford depot in March 2024, branded as 'electro' buses for use in theOxford SmartZone.[50] A further 180 were ordered by the group for delivery between 2025 and 2026, intended for Stagecoach subsidiaries receiving central government funding from the Zero-Emission Regional Bus Areas (ZEBRA2) scheme,[51] with 48 of these to be delivered toStagecoach South West,[52] the first being delivered toTorbay depot in October 2025,[53] 31 delivered toStagecoach Midlands,[54] 26 delivered toStagecoach West Scotland inArdrossan,[55] and 12 delivered toStagecoach East Scotland inArbroath.[56]
The first 17 second-generation Enviro400EVs built to TfL specification were ordered by Stagecoach London in July 2024 for delivery in early 2025.[57]Arriva London took delivery of 30 Enviro400EVs across two batches between March and May 2025, the first 12 of which are branded for use onLondon Superlooproute SL6, with the remaining 18 due for conventional TfL service onroute 196.[58]
In February 2025, it was announced that theLiverpool City Region'sMetro bus network is to take delivery of 58 Enviro400EVs.[59]
Transdev Blazefield'sHarrogate subsidiary is to take delivery of 19 Enviro400EVs equipped with pantograph chargers for use on the36 service betweenHarrogate,Ripon andLeeds from September 2024,[60][61] with the first bus from the order delivered to the company in June 2024.[62]
Reading Buses is to take delivery of 24 Enviro400EVs to replace biogas double-deckers on its Purple 17 and Claret 21 services, the latter serving theUniversity of Reading, in June 2025 as part of a 53-vehicle order for Alexander Dennis buses placed by the operator.[63] An additional order for eight more Enviro400EVs will see the type introduced on the Yellow 26 upon delivery during 2026.[64]
