| BMW Z1 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | BMW |
| Production | March 1989–June 1991 8,000 produced |
| Assembly | Germany:Munich |
| Designer | Harm Lagaay (1986) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Roadster |
| Body style | 2-seaterconvertible/roadster |
| Layout | FR layout |
| Doors | Vertically sliding |
| Related | BMW E30 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 2.5 LM20B25I6 |
| Transmission | 5-speedGETRAG 260 Manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,447 mm (96.3 in) |
| Length | 3,921 mm (154.4 in) |
| Width | 1,690 mm (67 in) |
| Height | 1,227 mm (48.3 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,250 kg (2,760 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | BMW 507 |
| Successor | BMW Z3 |
TheBMW Z1 is the first model in BMW's line ofZ seriesroadsters (two-seaterconvertibles), and was produced in limited numbers from 1989 to 1991.
The Z1 is unique for its plastic body panels andvertically sliding doors which drop into the door sills. It is one of the first BMWs to use a multi-link rear suspension. The sole drivetrain specification is the 2.5-litrestraight-six engine and 5-speed manual transmission from theE30 325i.
In 1995, the Z1's successor, the mass-producedZ3, began production.
At the start of 1985, BMW set up a division called BMW Technik GmbH to develop concepts for new vehicles and technologies. The director of BMW Technik GmbH wasUlrich Bez, who oversaw the Z1's development. Control of the project was turned over to Klaus Faust when Bez left BMW in October 1988.[citation needed] The lead designer wasHarm Lagaay.[1]
In August 1985, the BMW board gave approval to further develop the BMW Technik's first concept vehicle, the Z1.[2] A year later, the first road-going prototype was produced and BMW publicly revealed the project. A coupe model was also the subject of a design study, but it did not reach production.[3]
In August 1987,[4] BMW announced that the Z1 would enter production and the following month the production form of the Z1 was unveiled at theFrankfurt Motor Show.[5] Production began in October 1988.[2] The original price target wasDM 80,000, however by the time production began, the base price had increased toDM 83,000.[2]
The doors are unique in that they retract vertically, instead of traditional designs which swing outward or upward (the first car with retractable doors was the 1954Kaiser Darrin, although those Kaiser Darrin doors slid forwards not downwards). The body with its high sills, offers crash protection independent of the doors, and it is possible (although perhaps not legal in some countries) for the Z1 to be driven with the doors lowered.[6]
The windows may be operated independently of the doors, although they do retract automatically if the door is lowered. Both the window and door are driven by electric motors through toothed rubber belts and may be moved manually in an emergency.[2]
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In addition to the unique door design, the Z1 body featured several other innovations: removable plastic body panels, a flat undertray, a roll-hoop integrated into the windscreen surround and continuously zinc welded seams.[7][8][9]
The side panels and doors are made ofGE'sXenoythermoplastic.[8] The bonnet, boot, and roof cover are GRP components made by Seger + Hoffman AG. The car is painted in a special flexible lacquer finish developed jointly by AKZO Coatings and BMW Technik GmbH. During the Z1s launch, BMW suggested that owners purchase an additional set of body panels and change the color of the car from time to time. The car could actually be driven with all of the panels completely removed, similar to thePontiac Fiero. BMW noted that the body could be completely replaced in 40 minutes, although Z1 owners have reported that this may be highly optimistic.[10]
Aerodynamics were a focus of the vehicle design. The flat plastic undertray is used forground effect aerodynamics and the rear bumper - in conjunction with the aerodynamically shaped muffler - forms a diffuser to reduce rear lift.[7] The front end reportedly induces a high-pressure zone just forward of the front wheels to increase front-wheel traction.[11] The Z1 has adrag coefficient of 0.36 Cd with the top up or 0.43 Cd with it down.
The rear suspension, called the Z Axle, was specially designed for the Z1.[12][13] It was one of the first BMWs to feature amulti-link design.[9] In the 1990s, the Z Axle would be used on a variety ofBMW Group vehicles, including theE36 3 Series and the R40Rover 75.
Front suspension is as per theE30 325i.[14] Wheels, similar to the E30 325i, are 15-inch-diameter (380 mm) by 7-inch-wide (180 mm) wheels on both the front and rear, equipped with 205/55VR-15tires.[15]
The sole drivetrain configuration is a 2.5 LitreM20 straight-six engine and five-speedGetrag 260/5manual transmission, sourced from theE30 325i. The engine is a 2,494 cc (152 cu in)SOHC straight-six engine, which produces 125 kW (168 hp) at 5,800 rpm and 222 N⋅m (164 lb⋅ft) of torque.[16]
The engine sits tilted 20 degrees to the right, to accommodate the low hoodline.[17]
The "Z" in Z1 originally stood forZukunft, theGerman word forfuture. Later cars in the Z Series are theZ3,Z4, andZ8, which were all available as 2-seat convertibles (however some models were also available as 2-seat coupes).
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The Z1 was produced from March 1989 to June 1991,[18]: 258 all at BMW's plant in Munich,[19] Exactly 8,000 cars were produced.[5] All the cars were left-hand drive, and the majority (6,443) were sold in BMW's native German market.[20] The country to receive the second-greatest number of Z1s, Italy, received less than 7% of the total sold domestically. BMW Z1 vehicles officially imported to France for sale there have yellow headlights instead of the clear ones found elsewhere.[21]: 8
Initial demand was strong, with BMW receiving orders for 3,500 vehicles before production began.[5] However, demand dropped significantly around 1988 and BMW ended production in 1991. There is speculation that the drop in demand was due to the early inflated demand from speculative investors.[17] In 1988, however, BMW was quoted as saying that they had 35,000 orders for the Z1.
BMW was reportedly unable to build more than 10 to 20 Z1 vehicles each day.[22] More than half of all Z1 vehicles (specifically, 4,091) were produced for the 1990 model year. Seventy-eight Z1 vehicles were reportedly used as test mules, although most were later sold without a warranty and, presumably, at a lower price.[citation needed]
The Z1 was available in six exterior colours and four interior colours. Red is the most common exterior color.[7] Most (6,177) were red, black, or green with a dark grey interior.[23] Light yellow exterior (fun-gelb inGerman orfun yellow in English; 133 examples made) or red interior (38 examples made) are the rarest Z1 colours. The coloursswimming pool blue andoh-so-orange were reserved for the car's designers, Ulrich Bez and Harm Lagaay.[citation needed]
