B. T. Finniss | |
|---|---|
 Finniss, c. 1860 | |
| Administrator of South Australia | |
| In office 20 December 1854 – 8 June 1855 | |
| Preceded by | Sir Henry Youngas Governor |
| Succeeded by | R.G. MacDonnellas Governor |
| 1st Premier of South Australia | |
| In office 24 October 1856 – 20 August 1857 | |
| Monarch | Victoria |
| Governor | Sir Richard MacDonnell |
| Succeeded by | John Baker |
| Chief Secretary of South Australia | |
| In office 28 January 1852 – 24 October 1856 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Sturt |
| Succeeded by | Office of Premier established |
| In office 14 May 1849 – 25 August 1849 | |
| Preceded by | Alfred Mundy |
| Succeeded by | Charles Sturt |
| Treasurer of South Australia | |
| In office 12 June 1858 – 9 May 1860 | |
| Premier | Sir Richard Hanson |
| Preceded by | John Hart |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Reynolds |
| In office 28 April 1847 – 3 January 1852 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Sturt |
| Succeeded by | Sir Robert Torrens |
| Member of the South Australian House of Assembly | |
| In office 9 March 1857 – 23 November 1862 | |
| Preceded by | Seat established |
| Succeeded by | Allan McFarlane |
| Constituency | City of Adelaide(1857–1860) Mount Barker(1860–1862) |
| Member of the South Australian Legislative Council | |
| In office 1 May 1847 – 8 March 1857 | |
| Commissioner of the South Australian Police | |
| In office 13 April 1843 – 12 May 1847 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas O'Halloran |
| Succeeded by | Captain Dashwood |
| Deputy Surveyor-General of South Australia | |
| In office 24 August 1839 – April 1843 | |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Burr the two served together from 1839 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Boyle Travers Finniss (1807-08-18)18 August 1807 Off theCape of Good Hope,Africa |
| Died | 24 December 1893(1893-12-24) (aged 86) |
| Resting place | West Terrace Cemetery |
| Nationality | British |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Rogerson (d.1858) Sophia Lynch |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1825–1835 |
| Rank | Lieutenant |
| Unit | 88th Regiment 56th Regiment 82nd Regiment |
Boyle Travers Finniss (18 August 1807 – 24 December 1893) was the firstpremier ofSouth Australia, serving from 24 October 1856 to 20 August 1857.
Finniss wasborn at sea off theCape of Good Hope, Southern Africa,[1] and lived inMadras, British India. He was sent toGreenwich, England, for his education, and then entered theRoyal Military College, Sandhurst, placing first of sixteen candidates at the entrance examination. In 1825, he became anensign in the88th Regiment of Foot, was promoted lieutenant in 1827 to the56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot, and then spent three years in Mauritius in the department of roads and bridges.[1]
In 1835, Finniss sold off his commission and, having been appointed assistant surveyor under surveyor-generalColonel William Light, arrived in South Australia in September 1836. He supported Light's choice of the site ofAdelaide and assisted in laying out the city. His correspondence during those early years shows him to have been a man of good judgement and he was an able assistant during the surveys.[2]
Finniss joined Light in a private surveying firm,Light, Finniss & Co. While in private enterprise, Light and Finniss surveyed several towns, includingGlenelg andGawler. Finniss also had several other business interests, but they eventually all failed, and he returned to the public service.
In 1839, Finniss was appointed deputy surveyor-general. In 1843, he became Commissioner of theSouth Australia Police and a police magistrate. In 1847, he was madeTreasurer of South Australia and registrar general. In 1851, was nominated to theSouth Australian Legislative Council by the governor,Sir Henry Young.[1]
In 1852, Finniss was appointedColonial Secretary of South Australia and, in July 1853, had charge of the bill to provide for two chambers in the new South Australian parliament. In the interim between the departure of Governor Young in December 1854 and the arrival of Sir Richard Graves McDonnell in June 1855, Finniss acted as administrator of the colony.[1][3] The bill of 1853 was rejected by the British government,[4] and a new bill was drafted in 1855, providing for two purely elective houses. That received the royal assent in 1856.[5]
Finniss was elected as one of the representatives for the city of Adelaide and became the first premier andChief Secretary of South Australia. There were early difficulties between the two houses but Finniss, during the four months his ministry was in power, succeeded in passing measures to deal with waterworks for Adelaide and commence the first railway in South Australia. From June 1858 to May 1860, he was treasurer in theRichard Hanson ministry and, at the1860 election, he was, withJohn Dunn, elected as one of the two representatives forMount Barker.[6][7]
In 1864, the South Australian government, wanting to open up itsNorthern Territory, organised a survey party under Finniss, appointing him as theGovernment Resident of the Northern Territory[8] and giving him instructions to examine theAdelaide River and the coastline to the west and east of it. Finniss chose a site,Escape Cliffs, near the mouth of the Adelaide River for the settlement, but his choice was much criticised. He had problems with the insubordination of his officers, who were jealous of the attention he paid to some of the lesser ranks (notablyW. P. Auld andJ. W. O. Bennett). He was not popular with the men either. They expected to spend time exploring and not on tedious duties such as keeping guard on the stores. Finniss had not secured adequate supplies for the expedition, and did not enjoy good relations with the localAboriginal people.[9]
On 9 August 1864, during one of Finniss's absences,James Manton sent a party on horseback to recover stores which had been plundered by Aboriginals. When approaching the Aboriginal camp, the party was surrounded by spear-carrying warriors, who injured a horse and several men.William Pearson was quite seriously wounded,[10] and fellow-ridersFred Litchfield and Dyer removed him from the scene. When a second party arrived on foot, the tribesmen scattered, but one was shot dead by Alaric Ward.[11]
A month later, the Aboriginal people mounted another raiding party, spearing several horses, which led to a great deal of anger in the depot. Finniss put his son Frederick in charge of an armed party sent out to Chambers Bay, about 8 miles (13 km) distant, to assert some kind of control (Finniss's instructions were not published). Dr.Francis Goldsmith, who, apart from his medical duties, had been appointedProtector of Aborigines, demanded a place in the party, but was ordered by Finniss to remain at the depot. The Aboriginal people fled their camp, but one unarmed old man, named as "Dombey", was shot in the back. Having recovered whatever property they could, the party then set fire to the dwellings of the Aboriginal people. Returning to the depot, they were hailed as conquering heroes and each treated to a tot of rum. On 20 September, Finniss appointed his son clerk-in-charge and accountant, in place ofEbenezer Ward, whom Finniss had suspended for disloyalty.[11] Auld was charged with the murder of "Dombey", but was acquitted.[12]
In May 1865, a dissident party of seven men fled toChampion Bay, Western Australia, in a small boat dubbedForlorn Hope, and Finniss was eventually recalled.[2] He was summoned before a Parliamentary Commission in May 1866 and answered his critics point by point, supported by a printed pamphlet, to the annoyance of influential financierFrank Rymill, a major critic.[13]
Finniss was on the board of at least one business, theDuryea Mining Company, and was chairman of directors from 1862.[14]
In 1860, he published a martial anthemThe Gathering : A War Song of Australia, and a love songCan'st thou not read?, both set to music by Mrs. A. J. Murray.[15]
In 1875, Finniss was a member of the forest board and, in the following year, was acting auditor general. He retired from the government service in 1881 and spent his leisure in preparing an interesting but ramblingConstitutional History of South Australia (1886). He died on 24 December 1893, aged 86, and is buried at theWest Terrace Cemetery.[1]
Finniss was twice married and left a widow, a son and two daughters. He married Anne Frances Rogerson on 13 August 1835, who died on 3 January 1858. On 3 May 1878, he married Sophia Florence Maud Lynch. His eldest daughter, Fanny Lipson Finniss (later Morgan), was the first European girl born in South Australia, on 31 December 1836 or 1 January 1837.[16] Finniss's employee, James Hoare, was father of the first boy, on 7 November 1836.[17]
Finniss married Anne Frances Rogerson (1819–1858) on 13 August 1835 atSt. Audoen's, Dublin, Ireland
He married again, to Sophia Florence Maud Lynch (1852–1925[18]) on 3 May 1878 atSt Matthew's Church, Kensington, South Australia[19] They had a further two children:
TheFinniss River in South Australia andFinniss River in theNorthern Territory are both named after him, along with Finniss Springs in the Northern Territory, and the South AustralianElectoral district of Finniss.[20]
Finniss Street, inNorth Adelaide was one of the dozens of street names chosen by theStreet Naming Committee in around 1840, to commemorate people of importance to the founding of Adelaide. Boyle Street and Finniss Street in the Adelaide suburbs ofMarion andOaklands Park were named in about 1856.[21]
In 1940, Queen's Own Town, about 60 km south of Adelaide, was renamedFinniss.[22]
His Excellency has this day been pleased to appoint Boyle Travers Finniss, Esq., to be Government Resident in and for the New Territory recently annexed to this Province by Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, bearing date July 6th, 1863
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