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Béthune

Coordinates:50°31′49″N2°38′27″E / 50.5303°N 2.6408°E /50.5303; 2.6408
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Bethune" redirects here. For other uses, seeBethune (disambiguation).

Subprefecture and commune in Hauts-de-France, France
Béthune
Grand Place with the belfry on the left and the Hôtel de Ville on the right
Grand Place with the belfry on the left and theHôtel de Ville on the right
Coat of arms of Béthune
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Béthune
Béthune is located in France
Béthune
Béthune
Show map of France
Béthune is located in Hauts-de-France
Béthune
Béthune
Show map of Hauts-de-France
Coordinates:50°31′49″N2°38′27″E / 50.5303°N 2.6408°E /50.5303; 2.6408
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
DepartmentPas-de-Calais
ArrondissementBéthune
CantonBéthune
IntercommunalityCA Béthune-Bruay, Artois-Lys Romane
Government
 • Mayor(2020–2026)Olivier Gacquerre[1]
Area
1
9.43 km2 (3.64 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
25,342
 • Density2,690/km2 (6,960/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
62119 /62400
Elevation18–42 m (59–138 ft)
(avg. 26 m or 85 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Béthune (French pronunciation:[betyn]ⓘ ;Picard:Béthinne; archaicDutch:Betun andBethwyn historically in English) is a town in northernFrance,sub-prefecture of thePas-de-Calaisdepartment.[3]

Geography

[edit]

Béthune is located in theformer province ofArtois. It is situated 73 kilometres (45 miles) south-east ofCalais, 33 kilometres (21 miles) west ofLille, and 186 kilometres (116 miles) north ofParis.

Landmarks

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Béthune is a town rich in architectural heritage and history. It has, among other features, a large paved square with shops, cafés, and a 47-metre-tall (154 ft) (133 steps) belfry standing in the center from the top of which the Belgian border can be seen. Thechime of thebelfry is composed of thirty-six bells. A belfry (French:"beffroi") has stood on the site since 1346.[4] The current belfry plays melodies every 15 minutes, including thech'ti (regionalpatois) children'slullaby "min p'tit quinquin" (my little darling).[5] In 2005, the belfry was inscribed on theUNESCOWorld Heritage List as part of theBelfries of Belgium and France site, because of its architecture and testimony to the rise of municipal power in Europe.[6]

History

[edit]
Béthune after the German bombardment of May 1918

Hugh Hastings (died 1347), KingEdward III of England's captain and lieutenant inFlanders, mounted an attack and laid siege to Béthune, with a combined English and Flemish force, during a diversionary raid as part ofChevauchée of Edward III of 1346. The Flemish component proved undisciplined and the siege was abandoned in failure before the end of August.[7]

During theWar of the Spanish Succession in July–August 1710, Béthune was besieged by forces of theGrand Alliance. The town eventually surrendered after a vigorous defence conducted by Antoine de Vauban (1654–1731), a relative of the famous military engineerVauban.[8]

Béthune British Military Cemetery

InWorld War I, Béthune was an important railway junction and command centre for the BritishCanadian Corps andIndian Expeditionary Force, as well as the 33rd Casualty Station until December 1917. It initially suffered little damage until the second phase of theLudendorff Offensive in April 1918, when German forces reachedLocon, 5 km (3 mi) away. On 21 May, a bombardment destroyed large parts of the town, killing more than 100 civilians.[9] Over 3,200 casualties are buried inBéthune Town Cemetery, the Commonwealth section of which was designed byEdwin Lutyens; the majority are British (2,933) or Canadian (55), the remainder German.[10]

Rebuilt after the war (the rebuilding of theHôtel de Ville was completed in 1929),[11] Béthune was badly damaged once more by air attacks and house to house fighting on 24–26 May 1940 when it was captured by theSS Panzer Division Totenkopf. The Totenkopf suffered heavy casualties and anger at their losses allegedly played a role in theLe Paradis massacre on 27 May, when 97 members of theRoyal Norfolk Regiment were shot after surrendering.[12] During the war, many townspeople were deported to work in Germany; the town was officially liberated on 4 September 1944.[13]

Transport

[edit]
East of Pas-de-Calais (Béthune, Lens, Hénin-Beaumont)

Béthune station has seven daily TGV trains to Paris, a journey which takes 1 hour 15 minutes. There are also regular trains to Lille, Amiens, Dunkerque and several regional destinations.

Béthune is served by theLens-Béthune bus network.

By car, Béthune is accessible from theA26 which intersects theA1 (Lille to Paris) 42 kilometres (26 miles) to the south-east. By road, it is 2 hours 30 minutes fromParis, 1 hour fromCalais, 30 minutes fromArras and 40 minutes fromLille. By using theChannel Tunnel and theA26, Béthune is 3 hours 30 minutes fromLondon and 6 hours 45 minutes fromManchester. Using road connections on mainland Europe it is nearly 2 hours fromBrussels, 3 hours fromAix-La-Chapelle, 3 hours fromCologne, 8 hours 30 minutes fromBerlin and 3 hours 30 minutes fromAmsterdam.

Population

[edit]

The inhabitants are calledBéthunois.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
17936,932—    
18006,046−1.93%
18066,379+0.90%
18216,319−0.06%
18316,889+0.87%
18366,805−0.25%
18417,448+1.82%
18467,727+0.74%
18517,692−0.09%
18567,720+0.07%
18618,264+1.37%
18668,178−0.21%
18728,410+0.47%
18769,315+2.59%
188110,374+2.18%
188610,917+1.03%
189111,098+0.33%
189611,627+0.94%
YearPop.±% p.a.
190112,404+1.30%
190613,607+1.87%
191115,309+2.39%
192116,795+0.93%
192620,141+3.70%
193119,956−0.18%
193620,073+0.12%
194622,081+0.96%
195422,376+0.17%
196223,445+0.59%
196827,154+2.48%
197526,982−0.09%
198225,508−0.80%
199024,556−0.47%
199927,808+1.39%
200725,982−0.85%
201225,694−0.22%
201724,895−0.63%
Source: EHESS[14] and INSEE (1968–2017)[15]

Notable people

[edit]

Béthune was the birthplace of:

Béthune is also associated with the following historic personalities:

Sport

[edit]

Stade Béthunois Football Club represent Béthune and was formed in 1902.[16] They currently play in Nord-Pas-de-Calais league.

Twin towns and sister cities

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Béthune istwinned with:

Gallery

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Répertoire national des élus: les maires".data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
  2. ^"Populations de référence 2022" (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^INSEE commune file
  4. ^"La ville de Béthune - Le beffroi de Béthune". Ville-bethune.fr. Archived fromthe original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  5. ^"Dors min petit quinquin - Chblog, le blog chti". Chblog.com. Retrieved26 March 2013.
  6. ^"Belfries of Belgium and France".UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved5 November 2021.
  7. ^Livingstone, Marilyn; Witzel, Morgen (2005).The Road to Crécy: The English Invasion of France, 1346. Harlow: Pearson Education. p. 143.ISBN 978-0582784208.
  8. ^Reeve, JPF (1986). "The Siege of Bethune 1710: The Journals of Private Deane and General Vauban Compared".Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research.64 (260):205–211.JSTOR 44226494.
  9. ^"Bethune; Monuments aux Mortes".Memoires de Pierre. Retrieved5 January 2019.
  10. ^"Bethune; Monuments aux Mortes".Memoires de Pierre (in French). Retrieved5 January 2019.
  11. ^Base Mérimée:PA62000040, Ministère français de la Culture.(in French)
  12. ^Jackson, Julian (2003).The Fall Of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940 (Making of the Modern World).Oxford University Press, U.S.A. pp. 301–302.ISBN 978-0192805508.
  13. ^"Béthune en 1939-1945".Ajpn.org. Retrieved5 January 2019.
  14. ^Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui:Commune data sheet Béthune,EHESS(in French).
  15. ^Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  16. ^fr:Stade béthunois FC
  17. ^"British Towns Twinned with French Towns".Complete France. Retrieved22 July 2021.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toBéthune.
Communes of thePas-de-Calais department
International
National
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