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Ayyám-i-Há

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Intercalary days in the Baháʼí calendar

Key dates of theBaháʼí calendar[1]
YearAyyám-i-HáFastNaw-Rúz
202426 Feb29 Feb1 Mar19 Mar20 Mar
202525 Feb28 Feb1 Mar19 Mar20 Mar
202625 Feb1 Mar2 Mar20 Mar21 Mar
202726 Feb1 Mar2 Mar20 Mar21 Mar
202826 Feb29 Feb1 Mar19 Mar20 Mar
202925 Feb28 Feb1 Mar19 Mar20 Mar
203025 Feb28 Feb1 Mar19 Mar20 Mar
203125 Feb1 Mar2 Mar20 Mar21 Mar
Part ofa series on the
Baháʼí Faith

Ayyám-i-Há is a period ofintercalary days in theBaháʼí calendar, whenBaháʼís celebrate theFestival of Ayyám-i-Há.[2] The four or five days of this period are inserted between the last two months of the calendar (Mulk and ʻAláʼ).[3] The length of Ayyám-i-Há varies according to the timing of the followingvernal equinox[4] so that the next year always starts on the vernal equinox.

2026 has five days of Ayyám-i-Há: from sunset on Tuesday, February 24, to sunset on Sunday, March 1.

History

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The Báb, the founder of theBábí Faith, instituted theBadíʻ calendar in thePersian Bayán with 19 months of 19 days each and a period of intercalary days to allow for the calendar to be solar. The introduction ofintercalation marked an important break fromIslam, as under theIslamic calendar the practice of intercalation had been condemned in theQurʼan.[5] The Báb did not, however, specify where the intercalary days should go.[5]Baháʼu'lláh, who claimed to be the one foretold by the Báb, confirmed and adopted the Badíʻ calendar in theKitáb-i-Aqdas, his book of laws.[5] He placed the intercalary days before thefasting month of ʻAlá, the nineteenth and last month,[6] and gave the intercalary days the name"Ayyám-i-Há" or"Days of Ha".[5][6] Prior to 172 B.E. (2015 A.D.), Ayyám-i-Há was from sunset on February 25 to sunset on March 1.[7]

Symbolism and celebration

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Ayyám-i-Há means the"Days of Há" and commemorates the transcendence of God over his attributes since"Há" has been used as a symbol of theessence of God in theBaháʼí holy writings.[5][8] Under the Arabicabjad system, the letter Há has the numerical value of five -- the five-pointed star, or haykal (Arabic: temple) is a symbol of theBaháʼí Faith as mentioned by Shoghi Effendi, head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century: "Strictly speaking the 5-pointed star is the symbol of our Faith, as used by the Báb and explained by Him."[9] The five-pointed star has been used as the outline of special letters or tablets by both the Báb[10] and Baháʼu'lláh.[11] The number 5 is also equal to the maximum number of days in Ayyám-i-Há in theBadíʻ calendar.[5]

During the Festival of Ayyám-i-Há Baháʼís are encouraged to celebrateGod and his oneness by showing love, fellowship and unity.[5] In many instances Baháʼís give and accept gifts to demonstrate these attributes, and because of this gift giving period, it is sometimes compared toChristmas, but many Baha'is only exchange small gifts because gifts are not the main focus.[5] It is also a time of charity and goodwill and Baháʼís often participate in various projects of a humanitarian nature.[12]

References

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  1. ^Universal House of Justice (July 10, 2014)."Regarding the Implementation of the Badi` Calendar". RetrievedMarch 13, 2024.
  2. ^Esslemont, J.E. (1980).Baháʼu'lláh and the New Era (5th ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 178–179.ISBN 0-87743-160-4.Archived from the original on September 22, 2006.
  3. ^According to the definition of intercalary days in theOxford Companion to the Year four of the five days are "epagomenal days" added to make the number of a calendar's days equal to the number of days in a year, and only the fifth day of Ayyám-i-Há is an intercalary day.
  4. ^The Universal House of Justice (July 10, 2014)."To the Baháʼís of the World".Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. RetrievedJuly 10, 2014.
  5. ^abcdefghTaylor, John (September 1, 2000)."On Novelty in Ayyám-i-Há and the Badí Calendar". bahai-library.org.Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. RetrievedSeptember 24, 2006.
  6. ^abBaháʼu'lláh (1992) [1873].The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: The Most Holy Book. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 24–25.ISBN 0-85398-999-0.Archived from the original on June 26, 2007.
  7. ^"'Days outside of time' festival reveres eternal essence of God". February 24, 2012. Archived fromthe original on February 24, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 3, 2013.
  8. ^Universal House of Justice (1992).Notes of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. p. 178.ISBN 0-85398-999-0.Archived from the original on October 4, 2006..
  9. ^Effendi 1973, p. 52.
  10. ^Momen 2019.
  11. ^Bayat 2001.
  12. ^National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States (June 28, 2006)."Baha'is mark New Year with charity, period of fasting". bahai.us. Archived fromthe original on February 23, 2007. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2007.

Works cited

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Further reading

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