| Avulavirinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Newcastle disease virus (stained in brown) in theconjunctiva of a chicken | |
Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Monjiviricetes |
| Order: | Mononegavirales |
| Family: | Paramyxoviridae |
| Subfamily: | Avulavirinae |
| Genera | |
Avulavirinae is a subfamily ofviruses in the familyParamyxoviridae.[1][2][3] Members of the subfamily are collectively known as avulaviruses. All members of the subfamily primarily infect birds.Avulavirinae was previously recognized as the genusAvulavirus before being elevated to a subfamily. The termavula comes from "avian rubula", distinguishing it from rubulaviruses of the subfamilyRubulavirinae due to avulaviruses only infecting birds and translating protein V from an edited RNA transcript. The most notable avulavirus is theNewcastle disease virus, a strain ofOrthoavulavirus javaense.
Like all Paramyxoviruses, avulaviruses areenvelopednegative-strand RNA viruses.
Avulaviruses have a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase attachment protein and do not produce a non-structural protein C. Avulaviruses can be separated into distinct serotypes usinghemagglutination assay and neuraminidase assay. All avulaviruses hemagglutinate chicken RBCs except foravian metaavulavirus 5 which does not hemagglutinate RBCs from any species.Avian metaavulavirus 6 is unique to the presence of the SH gene between the F and HN genes.Avian metaavulavirus 11 has the longest genome among the APMVs.[4]
Subfamily:Avulavirinae[5]
Prior to the subfamily being elevated from genus, members of the genus were known asAvian paramyxovirus, then later asAvian avulavirus, followed by numbers 1 to 19, which designated the species number. These numbers, along with the 20th and 21st members of the subfamily, are now dispersed across the three genera. Prior to 2023, each species was namedAvian followed by the name of its genus and its individual number, for exampleAvian orthoavulavirus 1.[6] In 2023, the species were given binomial names.Avian orthoavulavirus 1, for example, was renamed toOrthoavulavirus javaense.[7]
