Type of federal subject of Russia
Autonomous okrugs , (Russian :автономный округ ,romanized : avtonomnyy okrug autonomous districts " or "autonomous areas " are a type offederal subject of theRussian Federation and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2024, Russia has four autonomousokrugs of its 83 federal subjects.[ a] Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is the only okrug which is not subordinate to anoblast . TheNenets Autonomous Okrug is a part ofArkhangelsk Oblast , theKhanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and theYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug are parts ofTyumen Oblast .
According to theConstitution of the Soviet Union , in case of a union republic voting on leaving the Soviet Union,autonomous republics ,autonomous oblasts , and autonomous okrugs had the right, by means of areferendum , to independently resolve whether they will stay in the USSR or leave with theseceding union republic , as well as to raise the issue of their state-legal status.[ 3]
Originally callednational okrug , this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in the 1930s to provideautonomy to Indigenous peoples of the North, like theKarelian National Okrug for theTver Karelians . The1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs were subordinated to the oblasts andkrais , this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs were subordinated directly to theRussian SFSR , although they still could stay in the jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.
List of autonomous okrugs [ edit ] Flag Map Name Domestic names Capital Population (2010)[ 4] Area Formation Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Russian :Чукотский Автономный Округ (Chukotskiy Avtonomny Okrug Chukot :Чукоткакэн Aвтономныкэн Округ (Chukotkaken Avtonomnyken Okrug Anadyr Russian :Анадырь (Anadyr Chukot :Кагыргын (Kagyrgyn 50,526 721,481 km2 (278,565 sq mi) 1930-12-10 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Russian :Ханты-Мансийский Автономный Округ (Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomny Okrug Khanty : Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ(Ȟănty-Mansijskoj Avtonomnoj Okrug Mansi : Ханты-Мансийский Автономный Округ(Hanty-Mansijskij Avtonomnyj Okrug Khanty-Mansiysk Russian :Ханты-Мансийск (Khanty-Mansiysk Khanty : Ёмвоҷ(Yomvoḉ Mansi : Абга(Abga 1,532,243 534,801 km2 (206,488 sq mi) 1930-12-10 Nenets Autonomous Okrug Russian :Ненецкий Автономный Округ (Nenetskiy Avtonomny Okrug Nenets :Ненёцие Aвтономной Ӈокрук (Nenjocije Awtonomnoj Ŋokruk Naryan-Mar Russian :Нарьян-Мар (Naryan-Mar Nenets :Няръянa Mарˮ (Nyar'yana Marq 42,090 176,810 km2 (68,267 sq mi) 1929-07-15 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Russian :Ямало-Ненецкий Автономный Округ (Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avtonomny Okrug Nenets :Ямалы-Ненёцие Aвтономной Ӈокрук (Yamaly-Nenyotsiye Avtonomnoj Ŋokruk Salekhard Russian :Салехард (Salekhard Nenets :Саляʼ Xарад (Salja’ Harad 522,904 769,250 km2 (297,009 sq mi) 1930-12-10
Former autonomous okrugs [ edit ] Flag Map Name Domestic names Capital Population Area Years Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug Russian :Агинский Бурятский Автономный Округ (Aginskiy Buryatskiy Avtonomny Okrug Buryat :Агын Буряадай Aвтономито Tойрог (Agyn Buryaaday Avtonomito Toyrog Aginskoye Russian :Агинское (Aginskoye Buryat :Ага (Aga 76,383 (2008) 19,592 km2 (7,565 sq mi) 1937–2008 Evenk Autonomous Okrug Russian :Эвенкийский Автономный Округ (Evenkiyskiy Avtonomny Okrug Evenki :Эведы Автомоды Округ (Ēvēde Avtōmōde Okrug Tura Russian :Тура (Tura Evenki :Typy (Turu 16,979 (2007) 763,197 km2 (294,672 sq mi) 1930–2007 Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug Russian :Коми-Пермяцкий Автономный Округ (Komi-Permyatskiy Avtonomny Okrug Komi-Permyak :Коми-Пермяцкöй Aвтономнöй Округ (Komi-Permjacköj Avtonomnöj Okrug Kudymkar Russian :Кудымкар (Kudymkar Komi-Permyak :Кудымкöр (Kudymkör 132,824 (2005) 32,770 km2 (12,653 sq mi) 1930–2005 Koryak Autonomous Okrug Russian :Корякский Автономный Округ (Koryakskiy Avtonomny Okrug Koryak : Чав’чываокруг(Čav’čyvaokrug Palana Russian :Палана (Palana Koryak : Пылылъын(Pylylʺyn 22,580 (2007) 292,600 km2 (112,973 sq mi) 1930–2007 Taymyr Autonomous Okrug Russian :Таймырский Автономный Округ (Taymyrskiy Avtonomny Okrug Dudinka Russian :Дудинка (Dudinka 38,372 (2007) 879,929 km2 (339,742 sq mi) 1930–2007 Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug Russian :Усть-Ордынский Бурятский Автономный Округ (Ust’-Ordynskiy Avtonomny Okrug Buryat :Усть-Ордын Буряадай Aвтономито Tойрог (Ust’-Ordyn Buryaaday Avtonomito Toyrog Ust-Ordynsky Russian :Усть-Ордынский (Ust-Ordynsky Buryat :Ордын Адаг (Ordyn Adag 134,320 (2008) 22,400 km2 (8,649 sq mi) 1937–2008
Recent developments [ edit ] In 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which thetitular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four. On 13 May 2020, the governors of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug announced their plan to merge following the collapse of oil prices stemming from theCOVID-19 pandemic .[ 5] [ 6] [ 7]
The ten autonomous okrugs in 1990 were:
Ethnic composition of autonomous okrugs [ edit ] The table below also includes autonomous okrugs which have since changed status.
Autonomous Okrug titular nation Russians other[ 8] year 1979 1989 2002 2010 1979 1989 2002 2010 1979 1989 2002 2010 Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug [ 9] ▲ 52,2▲ 54,9▲ 62,5▲ 65,1▼ 42▼ 40,8▼ 35,1▼ 32,5Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug [ 9] ▲ 61,6▼ 60,2▼ 59▼ 34,9▲ 36,1▲ 38,1Koryak Autonomous Okrug (all Indigenous)[ 9] 16,3 ▲ 16,45▲ 26,6▲ 30,362,9 ▼ 62▼ 50,5▼ 46,224,9 ▲ 40,5▲ 46,5Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Komi)▼ 12,8▼ 11,9▲ 18,6▲ 66▼ 65,8▼ 62,4▲ 66,1▼ 11,1▼ 9,5▲ 10,8▼ 9Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (Dolgan and Nenets)[ 9] ▼ 9,6▼ 8,9▲ 13,8▲ 15,7▲ 68,9▼ 67,1▼ 58,6▼ 50,0▼ 5▼ 4,4▲ 7,6▲ 10,1Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug [ 9] ▲ 34,1▲ 36,3▲ 39,6▲ 39,8▼ 58,3▼ 56,5▼ 54,4▼ 54,2Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug ▼ 1,9▼ 0,9▲ 1,2▲ 1,3▼ 74,3▼ 66,3▼ 66▲ 68,1▼ 1,1▼ 0,5▲ 0,7▲ 0,8Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (all Indigenous)▼ 8,1▼ 7,3▲ 23,4▲ 26,7▼ 68,6▼ 66,1▼ 51,8▲ 52,59,6 ▲ 30,8▲ 35,3Evenk Autonomous Okrug [ 9] ▼ 20▼ 14,1▲ 21,5▲ 22,0▲ 62,5▲ 67,5▼ 61,9▼ 59,4Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Nenets)▼ 10,7▼ 4,2▲ 5,2▲ 5,9▲ 59,1▲ 59,2▼ 58,8▲ 61,7▼ 1,5▲ 1,7▲ 1,9
^ Heaney, Dominic, ed. (2023). "The Government of the Russian Federation".The Territories of the Russian Federation 2023 Routledge . pp. 43– 51.ISBN 9781032469744 Including the two territories in Crimea, the 85 territories comprise 22 republics, nine krais (provinces), 46 oblasts (regions), three cities of federal status (Moscow, St Petersburg and Sevastopol), one autonomous oblast and four autonomous okrugs. ^ Dickson, Janice (September 30, 2022)."Putin signs documents to illegally annex four Ukrainian regions, in drastic escalation of Russia's war" .The Globe and Mail Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. RetrievedOctober 1, 2022 .Mr. Putin's claim to more than 15 per cent of Ukraine's territory is the largest annexation in Europe since the Second World War. ^ "СОЮЗ СОВЕТСКИХ СОЦИАЛИСТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСПУБЛИК. ЗАКОН О порядке решения вопросов, связанных с выходом союзной республики из СССР" (in Russian). Archived fromthe original on September 12, 2016. RetrievedJune 13, 2022 .^ "2010 All-Russian Population Census" (PDF) .All-Russian Population Census (in Russian). December 22, 2011. RetrievedMay 12, 2019 .^ Quinn, Eilís (May 14, 2020)." .The Barents Observer . RetrievedMay 15, 2020 . ^ "Russian Regions to Become Single Federal Subject in Decade-First" .The Moscow Times . May 13, 2020. RetrievedMay 15, 2020 .^ Antonova, Elizaveta (July 2, 2020)."The head of the Nenets Autonomous District declared refusal to unite with the Arkhangelsk region" .RBC (in Russian). RetrievedJuly 6, 2020 . ^ Are the people who are in parentheses next to the autonomous regions and the second-largest two-part Indigenous autonomous regions. ^a b c d e f liquidated Autonomous okrug.
Non-constitutional official divisions by various institutions
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