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The automotive industry inTurkey plays an important role in themanufacturing sector of theTurkish economy. The companies operating in the Turkish automotive sector are mainly located in theMarmara region, especiallyBursa.
In 2023, Turkey produced 1,486,393 motor vehicles, ranking as the13th largest producer in the world (production peaked at 1,695,731 motor vehicles in 2017, when Turkey alsoranked 13th).[1] Turkish automotive companies likeTEMSA,Otokar andBMC are among the world's largest van, bus and truck manufacturers.Togg, or Turkey's Automobile Joint Venture Group Inc. is the first all-electric vehicle company of Turkey. With a cluster of car-makers and parts suppliers, the Turkish automotive sector has become an integral part of the global network of production bases, exporting more than $35 billion worth of motor vehicles and components.[2] In 2017, nearly 85% of exports went to Europe.[3] Global car manufacturers with production plants includeTofaş,Oyak-Renault,Hyundai Assan Otomotiv,Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey,Ford Otosan.
The foundations of the industry were laid in the 1950s when TOE (Türk Otomotiv Endüstrileri A.Ş.) started producing REO military truck and later trucks byInternational Harvester. A brief foray in car production was stopped short. In 1961 the first indigenously designed domestic passenger carDevrim was made by train manufacturerTCDD. With the establishment of theOtosan assembly factory in 1959,mass production of the domestic carAnadol started in 1966 followed by the mass production ofRenault 12 by Renault-Oyak joint venture Mais in 1969.
On 15 August 1925 the Turkish Aircraft, Automobile and Engine Limited Company (Tayyare Otomobil Türk Anonim Şirketi, TOMTAŞ) factory was founded in Turkey.
In 1929 the first car was assembled inIstanbul byFord Motor Company. 48 cars were produced daily. However, production ended due to theGreat Depression of the 1930s.
In 1954 theJeep factory was established for the production of Turkey'sWillys-Overland vehicles in Tuzla, Turkey.
In 1959 theOtosan factory was established in Istanbul to produce the models of theFord Motor Company under licence in Turkey. Production of theFord Consul at the Otosan factory began in 1960.
In 1961 fourDevrim sedan prototypes were built at the Tülomsaş factory inEskişehir. It was the first indigenously designed and produced Turkish automobile, but it did not enter production.
In 1964 the production of theAustin andMorris vehicles of theBritish Motor Corporation began at theBMC factory inİzmir. The BMC brand was later fully acquired by Turkey's Çukurova Group in 1989, which currently produces all BMC models in the world.
In 1966Anadol became the first mass-produced Turkish automobile brand. All Anadol models were produced by the Otosan factory in Istanbul.
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In 1968 theTofaş factory was opened inBursa for producingFiat models under licence.
In 1969 theOyak-Renault factory was established in Bursa for producingRenault models.
Other global automotive manufacturers such asToyota,Honda,Opel,Hyundai,Mercedes-Benz andMAN Truck & Bus produce automobiles, vans, buses and trucks in their Turkish factories. There are also a number of Turkish bus and truck brands, such asBMC,Otokar andTEMSA.
By 2004, Turkey was exporting 518,000 vehicles a year, mostly to theEuropean Union member states.[4]
In 2006, theEuropean Investment Bank loaned Tofaş €175 million to jointly develop and produce with PSA Peugeot Citroën and Fiat Auto small commercial vehicles for the European market. The loan, part-financing for total investments estimated at €400 million, was intended to result in an important expansion of the company's production capabilities and create around 5,000 new jobs. The vehicles will be produced at the manufacturing plant of Tofaş inBursa with an additional, initial, annual capacity of 135.000 cars, due to roll off the assembly line in late 2007.[5]
The first official introduction ofEtox Zafer took place on 30 August 2007.
Like in many countries, the car manufacturing industry was significantly affected by theGreat Recession. In March 2009, Turkey's Automotive Industry Association (OSD) said the automotive production fell by 63% on year in the first two months of 2009, as exports dropped by 61.6% in the same period.[7]
In 2019, the high automotive export figures were boosted by the substantial increase in sales to the Netherlands and the U.S., which saw a rise of 131% and 55%, respectively. According to Uludağ Automotive Industry Exporters.
Togg, a Turkishautomotive manufacturer of electricluxury cars, is presented on December 27, 2019[8] during a public event inGebze in theprovince of Kocaeli, where theTurkish president unveiled the prototypes of a compactsedan, the T10S, and a compactSUV, theT10X, designed byMurat Günak and the design firmPininfarina. The opening of theTogg factory inGemlik is inaugurated on October 29, 2022, theTurkish Republic Day. The factory was built in a quick time of just over 2 years, with construction having started on July 18, 2020 for a total of 1.2 million square meters.[9] During the event, the company was presented by its vision, its mission, its production objectives as well as its approach to users. This day also saw the first Togg vehicle, an Anadolu redT10X, come off the assembly line. In addition, the public was able to learn of the arrival of a 4-door coupé model, the C-XCoupe, in 2026.
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In 2022 Turkey produced 1,352,648 motor vehicles, ranking as the13th largest producer in the world.[1]
Annual production in Turkey had earlier peaked at 1,695,731 motor vehicles in 2017, when the country alsoranked 13th in the world.[1]
Turkey produced 1,124,982motor vehicles in 2010,[10] ranking as the 7th largest automotive producer in Europe; behindGermany (5,819,614),France (3,174,260),Spain (2,770,435), theUnited Kingdom (1,648,388),Russia (1,508,358) andItaly (1,211,594), respectively.[11]
In 2008 Turkey produced 1,147,110 motor vehicles, ranking as the 6th largest producer in Europe (behind the United Kingdom and above Italy) and the 15th largest producer in the world.[12][13]
The combined capacity of the 6 companies producingpassenger cars stood at 726,000 units per year in 2002, reaching 991,621 units per year in 2006.[14] In 2002, Fiat/Tofaş had 34% of this capacity, Oyak/Renault 31%, Hyundai/Assan and Toyota 14% each, Honda 4%, and Ford/Otosan 3%.
With a cluster of car-makers and parts suppliers, the Turkish automotive sector has become an integral part of the global network of production bases, exporting over $22,944,000,000 worth of motor vehicles and components in 2008.[15][16]
Turkey also manufacturesmotorcycles as well aselectric bicycles,escooters and 3 wheelers.[17][18][19] Electric lorries are produced as well.[20] Turkey aims to produce batteries for these e-vehicles.[21][22]
As of 2021[update] the special consumption tax(Turkish) – a sales tax on luxuries, such as private cars – is
The is a 40% import tariff on Chinese electric cars,[24] whereas the EU and US have 10% and 27.5% tariffs on them.[25] As of 2023health impact assessment is not done in Turkey.[26]: 50 As of 2025, nearly 18% of new car sales were electric, making Turkey the 4th place in Europe.[27]
As of 2025, there were more than 35,000 stations serving countrywide with 2.588 MW installed.[28] TheCCS2 charging standard is used.[29]
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