German National Socialist Workers' Party Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei | |
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| Abbreviation | DNSAP |
| Landesinspekteur | |
| Landesleiter | Hermann Neubacher Josef Leopold[3][4] |
| Founders | Alfred Proksch[5] ... and others |
| Founded | 5 May 1918; 107 years ago (1918-05-05) |
| Banned | 19 June 1933; 92 years ago (1933-06-19)[6][7] |
| Preceded by | German Workers' Party[8] |
| Paramilitary wings | Austrian Legion |
| Membership | approx. 34,000 (1923est.)[9] |
| Ideology | Nazism[10][11] |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Electoral alliance | Christian National Congregation [de] (1922 [de])[15] |
| Colours | Brown |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Austria |
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Austrian Nazism orAustrian National Socialism was apan-German movement that was formed at the beginning of the 20th century. The movement took a concrete form on 15 November 1903 when theGerman Worker's Party (DAP) was established in Austria with itssecretariat stationed in the town ofAussig (now Ústí nad Labem in theCzech Republic). It was suppressed under the rule ofEngelbert Dollfuss (1932–34), with its political organization, the DNSAP ("German National Socialist Workers' Party") banned in early 1933, but was revived and made part of theGerman Nazi Party after theGerman annexation of Austria in 1938.[16]
Franko Stein fromEger (now Cheb, Czech Republic) and an apprentice bookbinderLudwig Vogel fromBrüx (now Most, Czech Republic), organised theDeutschnationaler Arbeiterbund (German National Workers' League) in 1893. It was a collection of labourers, apprentices, andtrade unionists from the railroads, mines, and textile industries, who upheld nationalism as a result of their conflicts with the non-German-speaking portions of the workforce, especially in the railway systems. In 1899, Stein was able to convene a workers' congress in Eger and promulgated a 25-point program.
Another convention was called in April 1902, under the title of "German-Political Workers' Association for Austria" (German:Deutschpolitischer Arbeiterverein für Österreich), inSaaz. InAussig, on 15 November 1903, they reorganized under the name of the "German Workers' Party in Austria" (German:Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Österreich). At further party congresses,Hans Knirsch proposed to call themselves the "Nationalsozialistische" (National-Socialist) or "Deutsch-Soziale" (German-social) Workers' Party. The Bohemian groups blocked the proposal, who did not want to copy the name of theCzech National Social Party. An early member of this group isFerdinand Burschowsky, a printer from Hohenstadt (Moravia), who was active in writing and publishing.
At a party congress inVienna in May 1918, the DAP changed its name to theDeutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (DNSAP). It produced aNational Socialist Program, which is thought to have influenced the later German Nazi manifesto.[citation needed] From 1920, the swastika was added as the party symbol. Before 1920, it consisted of a hammer, oak leaves and a quill.[17][18]
The Austrian DNSAP split into several factions in 1923 and again in 1926, theDeutschsozialer Verein (German-Social Association) led by Dr.Walter Riehl, theSchulz-Gruppe,[19][20]NSDAP-Hitlerbewegung [de], and other splinter groups.[21] After 1930, most former DNSAP members became supporters of the GermanNSDAP led by Austrian-bornAdolf Hitler and were one of the chief elements leading the pro-Nazi coup in 1938 that brought about theAnschluss of Austria with Germany.
According to fascism scholarStanley G. Payne, if elections had been held in 1933, the DNSAP might have mustered about 25% of the votes.[citation needed] ContemporaryTime magazine analysts suggested a higher support of 50%, with a 75% approval rate in theTyrol region borderingNazi Germany.[22]
Leaders of the party, who were dubbedLandesleiter due to the recognition of Hitler as overallFührer, includedAlfred Proksch (1931–33),Hermann Neubacher (1935) andJosef Leopold (1936–38), although real power frequently lay withTheodor Habicht, a German sent by Hitler to oversee Nazi activity in Austria.
| Date | Votes | Seats | Position | Size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | ± pp | No. | ± | |||
| 1919 | 23,334 | 0.78 | n/a | 0 / 170 | n/a | Extra-parliamentary | 16th |
| 1920 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 0 / 183 | ±0 | Extra-parliamentary | n/a |
| 1923 | did not run | ||||||
| 1927 | 26,991 | 0.74 | n/a | 0 / 165 | n/a | Extra-parliamentary | 5th[note 1] |
| 1930 | 111,627 | 3.03 | + 2.3 | 0 / 165 | ±0 | Extra-parliamentary | 5th[note 2] |
Notes
Bibliography
Further reading
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