Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition – Talks of surrender broke down between the Anglo-Egyptian force commanded byPhilip James Vandeleur Kelly andSultanAli Dinar of theSultanate of Darfur, leader of a rebellion against British colonial rule in what is nowSudan. Dinar had barricaded his force in the mountains outside the regional capital ofEl Fasher since abandoning it in May. Dinar's force of 2,000 men began to dwindle down to half as men deserted him.[3]
The first edition of theKentucky Thoroughbred Horse Association Bulletin news magazine was published for local horse breeders inLexington, Kentucky. The magazine grew in popularity with horse breeders across theUnited States and was renamedThe Blood-Horse in 1929.[9]
Battle of Romani – British reinforcements launched a front attack on German-Ottoman forces at Wellington Ridge and a rearguard action at Katia that overturned the enemy's assault on theSinai Peninsula.[22][23]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – The Italian army launched its sixth offensive against Austria-Hungary in northernItaly with theBattle of Doberdò, the bloodiest single battle on the Italian front. Some 20,000 soldiers from both sides were killed or missing before the Italians were able to push Austro-Hungarian forces out of theDoberdò del Lago commune.[26]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a counter-assault on the captured O.G. Lines while the Australian forces were rotating units.[24]
Battle of Romani – British forces continue to advance on the town of Oghratina as they pursued the retreating German-Ottoman force on theSinai Peninsula.[27][28]
Frenchflying ace CaptainRené Fonck gained his first confirmed victory, eventually becoming the highest-scoringAllied and second-highest-scoring ace overall ofWorld War I.[29]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a final counterattack to recapture their lost trench network. As Germans overran the trench system and began to take prisoners, Australian officerLieutenantAlbert Jacka, a veteran of theGallipoli campaign, led seven soldiers to resist in heavy hand-to-hand combat that repelled the attack, capturing 50 Germans in the process.[31] He was subsequently award theMilitary Cross for his actions, although many eyewitnesses insisted he should have won a secondVictoria Cross.[32]
A large audience attended the Bohemian Theatre inDublin for the first screening of the Film Company of Ireland's first filmO'Neill of the Glen.[citation needed]
German submarineSMUB-44 disappeared after departing from port for theDardanelles although naval historians speculate she was sunk by a patrol boat.[40]
Lily Braun, 51, German feminist writer, advocate for economic freedom and abolition of legal marriage for women in Germany; died of astroke (b.1865)[citation needed]
Battle of Bitlis – Russian and Armenian forces captured the Turkish provincial ofBitlis and the surrounding region in easternTurkey.[44]
Battle of Bir el Abd – Ottoman forces repelled theANZAC Mounted Division at Bir el Abd on theSinai Peninsula that slowed the British pursuit of retreating German and Ottoman forces. The joint Australian-New Zealand unit lost 300 casualties.[45]
An Austro-Hungarian aircraft sank BritishsubmarineHMSB-10 in theAdriatic Sea, the first time aircraft succeeded in sinking such a vessel.[46][47]
The crime dramaCheating Cheaters byMax Marcin — a melodrama about two groups of jewel thieves posing as wealthy families to rob the other — premiered onBroadway and would run for 286 performances.[51][52]
The German air squadronsJagdstaffel 2 and3 were established as the second and third dedicated fighting squadrons for the Imperial German Flying Corps.[54][55][better source needed]
The official British documentary propaganda filmThe Battle of the Somme premièred inLondon. In the first six weeks of general release, 20 million people viewed it.[56]
Addie L. Ballou, 79, American poet activist, leading advocate for women's suffrage,temperance and prison reform, author of poetry collectionsDriftwood andThe Padre’s Dream and Other Poems (b.1838)[citation needed]
Attacks on High Wood – British forces were equipped with flamethrowers and explosive-laden pipes to flush German defenses out of a wood nearBazentin,France.[58]
TheRosecrance Memorial Home opened as boy orphanage inNew Milford, Illinois. The organization has since expanded to provide treatment facilities for adolescents and adults.[60]
Battle of Romani – A planned attack on Bir el Abd was cancelled as supply and communications for theANZAC forces were stretched to the limit on theSinai Peninsula, ending the British pursuit of the remaining German-Ottoman forces toArish. The action formally ended any further military action in the region and cemented theAllies' hold on theSuez Canal.[61] In all, British casualties for the battle ranged from 1,200 to 1,300, while Ottoman-German casualties were estimated at 9,000.[62]
Battle of Pozières –Germany called off any further attacks to retake the village ofPozières,France, from Australian forces. In all, the Australians forces sustained around 23,000 casualties.[64][65]
1916 Texas hurricane — The tropical storm intensified into a hurricane while south ofHispaniola and made landfall atKingston, Jamaica, killing two people and causing extensive damage in the capital city as well as to banana plantations in the surrounding area.[68][69]
British submarinesHMS E4 andHMS E41 collided into one another in theNorth Sea, killed a total 47 crew from both vessels while another 15 survived.[70]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian GeneralLuigi Cadorna called off the offensive after advancing five kilometers into Austro-Hungarian territory. The Italians sustained 51,000 casualties while Austro-Hungarian forces had 40,000.[77]
British poetF. W. Harvey was captured by the Germans and spent the rest of the war circulated between sevenprisoner of war camps. Much of it would be spent in solitary confinement which allowed Harvey time to write a wealth of poetry and memoirs that were published in the post-war period.[79]
Born:
Dudley E. Faver, American air force officer, director for the Secretary of the Air Force Personnel Council from 1966 to 1973; as Dudley Ervin Faver, inSweetwater, Texas, United States (d.2011)[citation needed]
1916 Texas hurricane — The hurricane made landfall atBaffin Bay,Texas, with maximum wind speeds at 135 mph (215 km/h) and bringing an estimated 1.58 inches (25.4 mm) of rain.[57] The storm left $1.6 million (1916 USD) in damages in Texas and 24 people dead in total.[85]
The British and German naviesclashed in theNorth Sea in an attempt to regain sea advantage after the losses at theBattle of Jutland in June. A total of 18 German battleships, supported by submarines and Zeppelins, fought 29 Royal Navy battleships and supporting naval vessels. German submarines sank Britishlight cruisersHMSNottingham andHMSFalmouth while a British sub damaged German battleshipSMSWestfalen. Despite the loss of ships, casualties were light as crews had time to abandon ship and reach new vessels.[87]
The Irish Times inDublin issued a 264-page handbook detailing the events of theEaster Rising with a second edition published at the end of the year.[88]
Battle of Delville Wood – The Germans inflicted nearly 200 casualties on a British direct assault in the wood, but a midnight attack allowed them to capture the road toFlers,France, along with over 200 German prisoners and a dozen machine guns.[91]
German submarineSMUC-10 was torpedoed and sunk by British submarineHMSE54 with the loss of all 18 of her crew.[92]
Battle of Delville Wood – The British captured the north end of a key front line German trench but wet weather prevented further attacks for about a week.[93]
The German air squadronJagdstaffel 1 was established as the third dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps (despite having first top numerical order), with fighter pilotKurt Wintgens as its first war ace.[95][better source needed]
Battle of Mlali – British colonial forces under GeneralJan Smuts attempted to draw out the opposing German side to fight their superior numbers nearMlali in what is nowTanzania, but failed in their attempts. As no ground was yielded, the British considered the battle a victory. During the fighting, cavalry officer CaptainWilliam Bloomfield was awarded aVictoria Cross for rescuing a wounded comrade at considerable risk for his own safety.[97]
Attacks on High Wood — Three British battalions attacked German machine defenses in the wood.[98]
Thirteen German naval airships under command byPeter Strasser attackedEngland. British antiaircraft fire damaged several airships and most of their bombs miss their targets widely, butL 31 under command of Heinrich Mathy bombed southeast London, inflicting£130,000 in damage, including damage to a power station atDeptford, and killing nine and injuring 40 civilians.[100]
Battle of Delville Wood – After a week delay due to rain, the British attacked and captured the rest of the front line German trench held since August 21.[108]
Martha Raye, American actress, known for her film and TV roles includingThe Martha Raye Show from 1954 to 1956; as Margy Reed, inButte, Montana, United States (d.1994)[citation needed]
Battle of Delville Wood – British efforts to capitalize on success with capturing the front line German trench were slowed by hardened enemy defenses.[108]
A military flying school known as Ham Common was established, eventually becomingRichmond, the oldest and largest airbase for theRoyal Australian Air Force.[117]
Battle of Transylvania – The Romanian Army captured several more villages inTransylvania and set themselves up completing the first objective of the offensive.[116]
^MacMunn, Sir George Fletcher;Falls, Cyril (1928).Military Operations, Egypt & Palestine: From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1.London:H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 147–153.OCLC817051831.
^"About Us".ExclusivelyEquine.com. Blood-Horse Publications. Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved19 February 2012.
^Whitley, M. J. (1998).Battleships of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 157–58.ISBN978-1-55750-184-4.
^Layman, R.D. (1989).Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849–1922. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 50.ISBN0-87021-210-9.
^Durkota, Allen; Darcey, Thomas; Kulikov, Victor (1995).The Imperial Russian Air Service: Famous Pilots and Aircraft and World War I. Flying Machines Press. p. 177.ISBN978-0963711021.
^Architect of the Capitol."Apotheosis of Democracy".Capitol Campus. Architect of the Capitol. Archived fromthe original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved15 Feb 2011.
^Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930).Military Operations Egypt & Palestine: From the Outbreak of War With Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 186–187.OCLC610273484.
^Powles, C. Guy; A. Wilkie (1922).The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Vol. III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. pp. 29–31.OCLC2959465.
^Miles, W. (1992) [1938].Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 185–186.ISBN978-0-901627-76-6.
^Lukachich, Géza (1918).A Doberdó védelme az első isonzói csatában. [The defense of the Doberdó in the first battle of Isonzó]. Budapest: Atheaneum. p. 89.
^Kevin J. Fewster (1983)."Albert Jacka (1893–1932)".Jacka, Albert (1893–1932). Vol. 9. Melbourne University Press. pp. 442–453.Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved11 July 2008.{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help)
^Moore, A. Briscoe (1920).The Mounted Riflemen in Sinai & Palestine: The Story of New Zealand's Crusaders. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs. p. 32.OCLC561949575.
^Messimer, Dwight R. (2002).Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 165.ISBN978-1-55750-475-3.OCLC231973419.
^Gullett, Henry Somer (1923).The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VII. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. pp. 176–186.OCLC59863829.
^Wilson, Michael (1981). "The British 'B' Class Submarine". In Roberts, John (ed.).Warship Volume V. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 79.ISBN978-0-85177-244-8.
^Kemp, Paul J. (1990).British Submarines of World War One. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 8.ISBN9781854090102.
^National Park Service."History & Culture".Capulin Volcano. Retrieved25 October 2009.
^Bordman, Gerald (1995).American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914–1930. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 47.ISBN978-0-19-509078-9.
^Hischak, Thomas S. (2009).Broadway Plays and Musicals: Descriptions and Essential Facts of More Than 14,000 Shows through 2007. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 77.ISBN978-0-7864-3448-0.
^Chesneau, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Page 230
^"Jasta 3".The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved16 December 2015.
^Badsey, S. (1983). "Battle of the Somme: British War-Propaganda".Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television.3 (2): 99.doi:10.1080/01439688300260081.ISSN0143-9685.
^Burt, R. A. (1986).British Battleships of World War One. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 306.ISBN978-0-87021-863-7.
^"USS Davis (DD-65)".Destroyers.com. The National Association of Destroyer Veterans. Archived fromthe original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved20 February 2017.
^Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook, Easter, 1916: a complete and connected narrative of the Rising, with detailed accounts of the fighting at all points in Dublin and in the country.
^"History of the Frisco".TheLibrary.org. Springfield, Missouri: Springfield-Greene County Library District. Archived fromthe original on 30 January 2018.
^Sutter, Paul (2002).Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 104.ISBN978-0-295-98219-9.
^"Jasta 4".The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved16 December 2015.
^"Jasta 6".The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved16 December 2015.
.jpg)
.jpg)
