Atoka County, Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
 The Atoka County Courthouse in Atoka. | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofOklahoma | |
 Oklahoma's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:34°23′N96°03′W / 34.38°N 96.05°W /34.38; -96.05 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Oklahoma |
| Founded | 1907 |
| Seat | Atoka |
| Largest city | Atoka |
| Area | |
• Total | 990 sq mi (2,600 km2) |
| • Land | 976 sq mi (2,530 km2) |
| • Water | 14 sq mi (36 km2) 1.5% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 14,143 |
| • Density | 14.5/sq mi (5.59/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
Atoka County is acounty located in theU.S. state ofOklahoma. As of the2020 census, the population was 14,143.[1] Itscounty seat isAtoka.[2] The county was formed before statehood fromChoctaw Lands, and its name honors a Choctaw Chief named Atoka. The county is part of Choctaw Nation reservation lands.
The area forming Atoka County was part of the Choctaw Nation after the tribe was forced to relocate in the early 1830s to Indian Territory from its home in the Southeastern United States. Unlike the State of Oklahoma, whose county boundaries follow the precise north–south, east–west grid established with the state's township and range system, the Choctaw Nation established its internal divisions using easily recognizable landmarks, such as mountains and rivers, as borders. The territory of present-day Atoka County fell within thePushmataha District, one of the three administrative super-regions comprising the Choctaw Nation. Within that district, it was in parts ofAtoka,Blue, andJack's Fork counties.
The Choctaw named theirAtoka County in honor of Chief Atoka, a leader of a party that migrated from Georgia to Indian Territory; the name was retained when Oklahoma became a state.[3]
In 1858, theButterfield Overland Mail established astagecoach route through the area. It carried passengers, US Mail, and some freight. One station, Waddell's, was nearWesley; a second station, Geary's, was between Waddell's and theMuddy Boggy River, while a third was at Boggy Depot.[3]
During the Civil War, Confederate troops established a supply depot named Camp Boggy Depot here. After the war, the town of Atoka was established. In 1872, theMissouri-Kansas-Texas Railway (nicknamed the Christopher Casey) built a track through the county. It bypassed Boggy Depot and passed through Atoka; this access increased the importance of Atoka, but lack of the railroad contributed to the decline of Boggy Depot.[3]
The economy of Atoka County has been largely built on coal mining, limestone quarrying, forestry, and agriculture. Cattle raising became the leading business in the mid-twentieth century. A major employer is the Oklahoma State Penitentiary Farm (renamed the Mack H. Alford Correctional Center), a medium-security prison that opened in 1933.[3]
Atoka County is in southeastern Oklahoma, in a 10-county area designated for tourism purposes by theOklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation asChoctaw Country.[4] According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 990 square miles (2,600 km2), of which 976 square miles (2,530 km2) is land and 14 square miles (36 km2) (1.5%) is water.[5]
Atoka County is drained by North Boggy,Clear Boggy andMuddy Boggy Creeks, which are tributaries of theRed River, and byMcGee Creek, which is a tributary of Muddy Boggy Creek.Atoka Reservoir is in the northern section of the county. TheOuachita Mountains are in the eastern part of the county, while the Sandstone Hills and Coastal Plains physiographic regions provide a more level terrain suitable for agriculture in the north and western part of the county.[3]
About 12 miles WSW of the town of Atoka isBoggy Depot State Park, the historic site of a once large community on theButterfield Overland Mailstagecoach route.
TheKatian Age of theOrdovician Period of geological time is named for Katy Lake, which is two miles north east ofAtoka.The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Katian stage is the Black Knob Ridge Section in the county.[6][7]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 13,808 | — | |
| 1920 | 20,862 | 51.1% | |
| 1930 | 14,533 | −30.3% | |
| 1940 | 18,702 | 28.7% | |
| 1950 | 14,269 | −23.7% | |
| 1960 | 10,352 | −27.5% | |
| 1970 | 10,972 | 6.0% | |
| 1980 | 12,748 | 16.2% | |
| 1990 | 12,778 | 0.2% | |
| 2000 | 13,879 | 8.6% | |
| 2010 | 14,182 | 2.2% | |
| 2020 | 14,143 | −0.3% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[8] 1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10] 1990-2000[11] 2010[12] | |||
As of the2020 United States census, the county had a population of 14,143. Of the residents, 21.7% were under the age of 18 and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 41.0 years. For every 100 females there were 119.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 122.4 males.[13][14]
The racial makeup of the county was 67.0%White, 4.0%Black or African American, 15.9%American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3%Asian, 1.9% from some other race, and 10.8% from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 3.9% of the population.[14]
There were 5,040 households in the county, of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 27.2% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[13]
There were 5,981 housing units, of which 15.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.7% were owner-occupied and 25.3% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 16.1%.[13]
As of the2010 United States census, there were 14,182 people, 4,964 households, and 3,504 families residing in the county. Thepopulation density was 14 people per square mile (5.4 people/km2). There were 5,673 housing units at an average density of 6 units per square mile (2.3/km2). 73.8% of the population wereWhite, 13.8%Native American, 3.7%Black or African American, 0.4%Asian, 1.1% of some other race and 7.1%of two or more races. 2.9% wereHispanic or Latino (of any race). 24.5% were ofAmerican, 11.7%Irish and 8.5%German ancestry.[15] 97.4% spokeEnglish and 1.4%Spanish as their first language.
There were 4,964 households, out of which 31.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.90% weremarried couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.40% were non-families. 27.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.60% under the age of 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 29.10% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 117.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.90 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $24,752, and the median income for a family was $29,409. Males had a median income of $26,193 versus $18,861 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $12,919. About 15.70% of families and 19.80% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 25.40% of those under age 18 and 21.10% of those age 65 or over.
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of May 31, 2023[16] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 2,726 | 35.47% | |||
| Republican | 4,076 | 53.03% | |||
| Others | 882 | 11.48% | |||
| Total | 7,686 | 100% | |||
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1908 | 757 | 43.41% | 784 | 44.95% | 203 | 11.64% |
| 1912 | 669 | 28.50% | 1,100 | 46.87% | 578 | 24.63% |
| 1916 | 925 | 31.46% | 1,479 | 50.31% | 536 | 18.23% |
| 1920 | 2,081 | 43.19% | 2,100 | 43.59% | 637 | 13.22% |
| 1924 | 1,130 | 27.84% | 2,204 | 54.30% | 725 | 17.86% |
| 1928 | 1,572 | 42.94% | 2,056 | 56.16% | 33 | 0.90% |
| 1932 | 562 | 13.25% | 3,678 | 86.75% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 1,141 | 26.39% | 3,173 | 73.40% | 9 | 0.21% |
| 1940 | 2,218 | 38.03% | 3,601 | 61.75% | 13 | 0.22% |
| 1944 | 1,515 | 41.02% | 2,172 | 58.81% | 6 | 0.16% |
| 1948 | 1,033 | 24.97% | 3,104 | 75.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 2,004 | 43.02% | 2,654 | 56.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 1,731 | 41.66% | 2,424 | 58.34% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 1,892 | 51.82% | 1,759 | 48.18% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1964 | 1,424 | 36.67% | 2,459 | 63.33% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 1,131 | 27.29% | 1,400 | 33.78% | 1,613 | 38.92% |
| 1972 | 2,905 | 72.86% | 993 | 24.91% | 89 | 2.23% |
| 1976 | 1,098 | 24.94% | 3,276 | 74.42% | 28 | 0.64% |
| 1980 | 1,613 | 38.26% | 2,505 | 59.42% | 98 | 2.32% |
| 1984 | 2,361 | 53.13% | 2,047 | 46.06% | 36 | 0.81% |
| 1988 | 1,971 | 43.13% | 2,565 | 56.13% | 34 | 0.74% |
| 1992 | 1,561 | 30.21% | 2,336 | 45.21% | 1,270 | 24.58% |
| 1996 | 1,542 | 35.26% | 2,281 | 52.16% | 550 | 12.58% |
| 2000 | 2,375 | 54.93% | 1,906 | 44.08% | 43 | 0.99% |
| 2004 | 3,142 | 61.75% | 1,946 | 38.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2008 | 3,511 | 71.93% | 1,370 | 28.07% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2012 | 3,538 | 74.00% | 1,243 | 26.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2016 | 4,084 | 81.39% | 795 | 15.84% | 139 | 2.77% |
| 2020 | 4,557 | 84.56% | 765 | 14.20% | 67 | 1.24% |
| 2024 | 4,832 | 85.34% | 779 | 13.76% | 51 | 0.90% |
TheOklahoma Department of Corrections operates theMack Alford Correctional Center in anunincorporated area, nearStringtown.[18]
K-12 school districts include:[19]
There is one elementary school district,Lane Public School.[19]
Previously another elementary school district,Farris Public School, was in operation.[20] In 2013 the Farris district closed and consolidated into the Lane district.[21]
The following sites in Atoka County are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places:
Places adjacent to Atoka County, Oklahoma | |
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Municipalities and communities ofAtoka County, Oklahoma,United States | ||
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| City |  | |
| Towns | ||
| CDPs | ||
| Other communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
| Indian reservation | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in another county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
