Atami 熱海市 | |
|---|---|
     From top, left to right: View of Atami city from the cliffs of Nishikigaura,Izusan Shrine,Atami Castle, Atami Ekimae Shopping Street, andMOA Museum of Art | |
 Flag  Emblem | |
 Location of Atami in Shizuoka Prefecture | |
  Atami | |
| Coordinates:35°05′45.5″N139°4′17.6″E / 35.095972°N 139.071556°E /35.095972; 139.071556 | |
| Country |  Japan |
| Region | Chūbu |
| Prefecture |  Shizuoka |
| First official recorded | 699 AD |
| City Settled | April 10, 1937 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Sakae Saitō |
| Area | |
• Total | 61.78 km2 (23.85 sq mi) |
| Population (October 1, 2020) | |
• Total | 34,233 |
| • Density | 554.1/km2 (1,435/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| Postal code | 413-8550 |
| Phone number | 0557-86-6000 |
| Address | 1-1 Chūō-chō, Atami-shi, Shizuoka-ken |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Bird | Common gull |
| Flower | Ume |
| Tree | Sakura |
Atami (熱海市,Atami-shi) is acity located inShizuoka Prefecture,Japan. As of 1 May 2019[update], the city had an estimatedpopulation of 36,865 in 21,593 households[1] and apopulation density of 600 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi).
Atami is located in the far eastern corner ofShizuoka Prefecture at the northern end ofIzu Peninsula. The city is on the steep slopes of a partially submergedvolcanic caldera on the edge ofSagami Bay.Atami literally means "hot ocean", due to the town's famousonsenhot springs. The city boundaries include the offshore island ofHatsushima. Most of Atami is located within theFuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Warmed by theKuroshio Current offshore, the area is known for its moderate maritime climate with hot, humid summers, and short winters.
The city has aclimate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification:Cfa). The average annual temperature in Atami is 16.3 °C (61.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 2,012.7 mm (79.24 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.4 °C (79.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 7.0 °C (44.6 °F).[2]
| Climate data forAjiro, Atami (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1937−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 35.0 (95.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.9 (100.2) | 36.7 (98.1) | 31.9 (89.4) | 26.5 (79.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 37.9 (100.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) | 11.3 (52.3) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 30.2 (86.4) | 26.7 (80.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 17.2 (63.0) | 12.9 (55.2) | 20.0 (68.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.4 (79.5) | 23.3 (73.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 14.0 (57.2) | 9.6 (49.3) | 16.3 (61.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 4.0 (39.2) | 6.6 (43.9) | 10.9 (51.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.8 (65.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 23.8 (74.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 11.3 (52.3) | 6.6 (43.9) | 13.4 (56.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) | −4.5 (23.9) | −2.4 (27.7) | 1.8 (35.2) | 6.0 (42.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 13.5 (56.3) | 17.1 (62.8) | 13.4 (56.1) | 7.7 (45.9) | 2.4 (36.3) | −2.7 (27.1) | −4.5 (23.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 76.1 (3.00) | 82.0 (3.23) | 158.0 (6.22) | 168.1 (6.62) | 172.6 (6.80) | 251.5 (9.90) | 242.5 (9.55) | 186.0 (7.32) | 263.9 (10.39) | 237.3 (9.34) | 108.4 (4.27) | 66.3 (2.61) | 2,012.7 (79.24) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.1 | 6.7 | 10.7 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 12.4 | 10.9 | 8.2 | 12.1 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 6.1 | 111.5 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1 cm) | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 59 | 60 | 64 | 67 | 72 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 73 | 69 | 62 | 70 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 147.4 | 142.8 | 158.2 | 176.4 | 184.1 | 127.7 | 161.8 | 194.1 | 136.9 | 126.0 | 128.5 | 142.8 | 1,826.7 |
| Source:Japan Meteorological Agency[3][2] | |||||||||||||
As of 1 May 2019[update], with the city's estimatedpopulation of 36,865[1] and per Japanese census data,[4] the population of Atami has been in slow decline over the past half century.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 27,966 | — |
| 1950 | 38,938 | +39.2% |
| 1960 | 52,163 | +34.0% |
| 1970 | 51,281 | −1.7% |
| 1980 | 50,082 | −2.3% |
| 1990 | 47,291 | −5.6% |
| 2000 | 42,936 | −9.2% |
| 2010 | 39,592 | −7.8% |
Atami has been known as aresort town centered on itshot springs since the 8th century AD. In theKamakura period,Minamoto no Yoritomo andHōjō Masako were notable visitors. During theEdo period, all ofIzu Province wastenryō territory under direct control of theTokugawa shogunate. During thecadastral reform of the earlyMeiji period in 1889, Atami village was organized withinKamo District, Shizuoka. It was elevated to town status on June 11, 1894, and was transferred to the administrative control ofTagata District in 1896.
The epicenter of theGreat Kantō earthquake in 1923 was deep beneathIzu Ōshima Island inSagami Bay, close to Atami, which suffered considerable damage, as did other municipalities throughout the surroundingKantō region.[5] Thetsunami wave height reached 11 meters (35 feet) at Atami, swamping the town and drowning three hundred people.[6]
In 1932, Japanese authorities raided a meeting of members of theJapanese Communist Party in Atami.[7]
TheInagawa-kai, third largest of Japan's yakuza groups, was founded in Atami in 1949 as the Inagawa-gumi (稲川組) byKakuji Inagawa.[8]
In 1963 theJapanese Communist Party established a study facility in the mountains near Atami. The JCP holds a triennial congress there.[9]
The modern city of Atami was founded on April 10, 1937, through the merger of Atami Town with neighboring Taga Village. After the proclamation of Atami as an "International Tourism and Culture City" by the Japanese government in 1950, the area experienced rapid growth in large resort hotel development. This growth increased after Atami station became a stop on theTōkaidō Shinkansen high-speed train line in 1964. In concert with its famous onsen, Atami was known for itsonsen geisha.
Atami experienced a considerable decline in popularity as a vacation destination due to theJapanese economic crisis in the 1990s and the associated fall in large group company-sponsored vacations, but is currently experiencing a revival as acommuter town due to its proximity to Tokyo and Yokohama.
Following torrential rainfall alandslide was triggered whichswept through part of the city on 3 July 2021. 27 people were killed and 3 were injured.[10][11][12][13]
Atami has amayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and aunicameral city legislature of 15 members.
The economy of Atami is heavily dependent on the tourist industry, mostly centered on its hot spring resorts.[14]Commercial fishing is a major secondary industry.
Atami has eight public elementary schools and four public junior high schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Shizuoka Prefectural Board of Education. TheInternational University of Health and Welfare, based inŌtawara, Tochigi, has a campus in Atami.
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East Japan Railway Company -Tōkaidō Main LineEast Japan Railway Company -Itō Line
National Route 135Atami istwinned with:
Beppu, Ōita, Japan, since August 1966
Sanremo, Italy, since November 1976[15]
Cascais, Portugal, since July 1990[15]
Zhuhai, China, friendship city since July 2004[16] | This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Atami travel guide from Wikivoyage| Shizuoka |
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