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| Clinical data | |
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| AHFS/Drugs.com | Multum Consumer Information |
| MedlinePlus | a600034 |
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | ~96% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (CYP3A4)[1] |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 24 hours |
| Excretion | Fecal |
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| CAS Number | |
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| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.065.837 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C28H31FN4O |
| Molar mass | 458.581 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Astemizole (marketed under the brand nameHismanal, developmental code R43512) was a second-generationantihistamine drug that has a long duration of action. Astemizole was discovered byJanssen Pharmaceutica in 1977. It was withdrawn from the market globally in 1999 because of rare but potentially fatal side effects (QTc interval prolongation and relatedarrhythmias due tohERG channel blockade).[2][3]
Astemizole is a histamineH1-receptor antagonist. It hasanticholinergic andantipruritic effects.
Astemizole is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and competitively binds to histamine H1 receptor sites in the gastrointestinal tract, uterus, blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. This suppresses the formation ofedema andpruritus (caused by histamine).
Despite some earlier reports that astemizole does not cross theblood–brain barrier, several studies[4][5] have shown high permeability and high binding to protein folds associated withAlzheimer's.
Astemizole may also act onhistamine H3 receptors, thereby producing adverse effects.[citation needed]
Astemizole does also act asFIASMA (functional inhibitor ofacid sphingomyelinase).[6]
Astemizole has been researched as a treatment forCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD).[7]
Like manycarbendazim-derived benzimidazoles, it has been reported to interact withtubulin and inhibit its polymerization.[8]
Astemizole has an oralLD50 of approximately 2052 mg/kg (in mice).
