Ashraf Ali Thanwi | |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | Abd al-Ghani (1863-08-19)19 August 1863[1] |
| Died | 20 July 1943(1943-07-20) (aged 79) Thana Bhawan, British India |
| Parent |
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| Alma mater | Darul Uloom Deoband |
| Personal life | |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Main interest(s) | Sufism,moral philosophy,Islamic revival,tafsir,fiqh,hadith,prophetic biography |
| Notable work(s) | Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Creed | Maturidi[2] |
| Movement | Deobandi |
| Senior posting | |
| Disciple of | Imdadullah Muhajir Makki |
Disciples
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Ashraf Ali Thanwi (often referred asHakimul Ummat[a][5] andMujaddidul Millat;[b][6] 19 August 1863 – 20 July 1943) was an IndianSunniMuslim scholar,jurist, thinker,reformist and a revivor of classicalSufi in theIndian subcontinent during theBritish Raj.[7][8] He was a central figure of Islamicspiritual,intellectual and religious life inSouth Asia and continues to be highly influential today.[5] He wrote over a thousand works includingBayan Ul Quran andBahishti Zewar.[5] He was also one of the chief proponents of thePakistan Movement.[5]
He graduated fromDarul Uloom Deoband in 1883 and moved toKanpur, thenThana Bhawan to direct the Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah, where he resided until his death.[5] His training inQuran,hadith,fiqh studies andSufism qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars ofDeoband.[9] His teaching mixes Sunni orthodoxy, Islamic elements of belief and the patriarchal structure of the society.[9] He offered a sketch of aMuslim community that is collective, patriarchal, hierarchical and compassion-based.[9]
Thanwi was a strong supporter of the Muslim League.[10] He maintained correspondence with the leadership ofAll India Muslim League (AIML), includingMuhammad Ali Jinnah. He also sent groups of Muslim scholars to give religious advice and reminders to Jinnah.[11] His disciplesZafar Ahmad Usmani andShabbir Ahmad Usmani were key players in religious support for the creation ofPakistan.[12] During the 1940s, manyDeobandiUlama supported theCongress but Thanwi and some other leading Deobandi scholars includingMuhammad Shafi andShabbir Ahmad Usmani were in favour of the Muslim League.[13][14] Thanwi resigned fromDarul Uloom Deoband's management committee due to its pro-Congress stance.[15] His support and the support of his disciples forPakistan Movement were greatly appreciated by AIML.[11]
After completing his education, with the permission of his father and teachers, he went toKanpur and began teaching at Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam. For fourteen years, he continued to spread knowledge (faiz) there. In1315 AH, he left Kanpur and returned to his ancestral home inThana Bhawan. There, he revived the Khanqah ofHaji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and established an educational institution named Madrasa Ashrafiya, where he devoted himself until the end of his life to teaching, spiritual purification (tazkiya-e-nufoos), and social reform.[16]
Upon his return, Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki sent him a letter, which stated: "It is better that you have moved to Thana Bhawan. I hope that many people will benefit from you, both outwardly and inwardly. You will restore our madrasa and mosque anew. I pray for you at all times."[16]
He produced around 1000 trainees, to whom he permitted forBay'ah and those spread their influences of Thanwi. Among them are:Sulaiman Nadvi,Shabbir Ahmad Usmani,Zafar Ahmad Usmani,Abdul Hai Arifi,Athar Ali Bengali,Shah Abdul Wahhab,Abdul Majid Daryabadi,Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri,Abrarul Haq Haqqi,Muhammadullah Hafezzi,Khair Muhammad Jalandhari,Masihullah Khan,Muhammad Shafi,Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri,Habibullah Qurayshi,Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi.
Muhammad Iqbal once wrote to a friend of his that on the matter ofRumi's teachings, he held Thanwi as the greatest living authority.[17]
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