Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi (1863–1943)
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Personal details Born Abd al-Ghani (1863-08-19 ) 19 August 1863[ 1] Died 20 July 1943(1943-07-20) (aged 79) Parent Alma mater Darul Uloom Deoband Personal life Nationality Indian Main interest(s) Sufism ,moral philosophy ,Islamic revival ,tafsir ,fiqh ,hadith ,prophetic biography Notable work(s) Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq Religious life Religion Islam Denomination Sunni Jurisprudence Hanafi Creed Maturidi [ 2] Movement Deobandi Senior posting Disciple of Imdadullah Muhajir Makki Abdul Hai Arifi ,Athar Ali Bengali ,Abdul Majid Daryabadi ,Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri ,Abrarul Haq Haqqi ,Shah Ahmad Hasan ,Muhammadullah Hafezzi ,Khair Muhammad Jalandhari ,Masihullah Khan ,Maqsudullah ,Muhammad Shafi ,Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri ,Habibullah Qurayshi ,Sulaiman Nadvi ,Shah Abdul Wahhab ,[ 3] Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi ,Zafar Ahmad Usmani
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (often referred asHakimul Ummat [ a] [ 5] Mujaddidul Millat ;[ b] [ 6] Sunni Muslim scholar,jurist , thinker,reformist and a revivor of classicalSufi in theIndian subcontinent during theBritish Raj .[ 7] [ 8] spiritual ,intellectual and religious life inSouth Asia and continues to be highly influential today.[ 5] Bayan Ul Quran Bahishti Zewar [ 5] Pakistan Movement .[ 5]
He graduated fromDarul Uloom Deoband in 1883 and moved toKanpur , thenThana Bhawan to direct the Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah, where he resided until his death.[ 5] Quran ,hadith ,fiqh studies andSufism qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars ofDeoband .[ 9] [ 9] Muslim community that is collective, patriarchal, hierarchical and compassion-based.[ 9]
Thanwi was a strong supporter of the Muslim League.[ 10] All India Muslim League (AIML), includingMuhammad Ali Jinnah . He also sent groups of Muslim scholars to give religious advice and reminders to Jinnah.[ 11] Zafar Ahmad Usmani andShabbir Ahmad Usmani were key players in religious support for the creation ofPakistan .[ 12] Deobandi Ulama supported theCongress but Thanwi and some other leading Deobandi scholars includingMuhammad Shafi andShabbir Ahmad Usmani were in favour of the Muslim League.[ 13] [ 14] Darul Uloom Deoband 's management committee due to its pro-Congress stance.[ 15] Pakistan Movement were greatly appreciated by AIML.[ 11]
Teaching and Education [ edit ] After completing his education, with the permission of his father and teachers, he went toKanpur and began teaching at Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam. For fourteen years, he continued to spread knowledge (faiz) there. In1315 AH , he left Kanpur and returned to his ancestral home inThana Bhawan . There, he revived the Khanqah ofHaji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and established an educational institution named Madrasa Ashrafiya, where he devoted himself until the end of his life to teaching, spiritual purification (tazkiya-e-nufoos), and social reform.[ 16]
Upon his return, Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki sent him a letter, which stated: "It is better that you have moved to Thana Bhawan. I hope that many people will benefit from you, both outwardly and inwardly. You will restore our madrasa and mosque anew. I pray for you at all times."[ 16]
Influence and legacy [ edit ] He produced near about 1000 trainees, to whom he permitted forBay'ah and those spread their influences of Thanwi. Among them are:Sulaiman Nadvi ,Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ,Zafar Ahmad Usmani ,Abdul Hai Arifi ,Athar Ali Bengali ,Shah Abdul Wahhab ,Abdul Majid Daryabadi ,Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri ,Abrarul Haq Haqqi ,Muhammadullah Hafezzi ,Khair Muhammad Jalandhari ,Masihullah Khan ,Muhammad Shafi ,Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri ,Habibullah Qurayshi ,Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi .
Muhammad Iqbal once wrote to a friend of his that on the matter ofRumi's teachings, he held Thanwi as the greatest living authority.[ 17]
^ Spiritual physician of the Muslim Ummah. ^ Reformer of the Nation. ^ "Maulana Muhammad Ashraf Ali Thanwi" .^ Bruckmayr, Philipp (2020)."Salafī Challenge and Māturīdī Response: Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Māturīdī kalām" .Die Welt des Islams .60 (2– 3). Brill:293– 324.doi :10.1163/15700607-06023P06 ^ Ullah, Ahmad; Qadir, Ridwanul (February 2018). "কুতুবুল আলম হাকীমুন নফস, খলীফায়ে থানভী আল্লামা শাহ আবদুল ওয়াহহাব রহ. (১৮৯৪—১৯৮২) - এর সংক্ষিপ্ত জীবনচরিত".মাশায়েখে চাটগাম Bangla Bazar ,Dhaka -1100: Ahmad Prakashan. pp. 35– 54.ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1 {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location (link )^ Wahid, Abdul (1982).Maqalat-e-iqbal ^a b c d e Naeem, Fuad (2009),"Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī" ,The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World ,Oxford University Press ,ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5 ^ Khatoon, Uzma (2015).A critical study of select Urdu Tafasir of 20th Century Aligarh Muslim University . p. 68.hdl :10603/70434 . ^ Esposito, John L. (2003),"Thanawi, Ashraf Ali" ,The Oxford Dictionary of Islam Oxford University Press ,ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0 ^ Faruque, Muhammad U. (2021)."Eternity Made Temporal: Ashraf ʿAlī Thānavī, a Twentieth-Century Indian Thinker and the Revival of Classical Sufi Thought" Journal of Sufi Studies .9 (2):215– 246.doi :10.1163/22105956-bja10009 .ISSN 2210-5948 .S2CID 242261580 . ^a b c Belhaj, Abdessamad (2014),"Thānvī, Ashraf ʿAlī" ,The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science and Technology in Islam ,Oxford University Press ,ISBN 978-0-19-981257-8 ^ Koreishi, Samiullah (13 September 2013)."What's wrong with Pakistan?" .Dawn ^a b Khan, Munshi Abdur Rahman (1992).Tehreek e Pakistan aur Ulama e Rabbani ^ Naeem, Fuad (2009),"Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī" The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World , Oxford University Press,doi :10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 ,ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5 , retrieved7 November 2022 ^ Svanberg, Ingvar; Westerlund, David (6 December 2012).Islam Outside the Arab World ISBN 978-1-136-11322-2 ^ Jetly, Rajshree (27 April 2012).Pakistan in Regional and Global Politics ISBN 978-1-136-51696-2 ^ Robinson, Francis (2000)."Islam and Muslim separatism." . In Hutchinson, John (ed.).Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science . Anthony D. Smith. Taylor & Francis. pp. 929– 930.ISBN 978-0-415-20112-4 ^a b Cite error: The named referenceSuni Online was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page ). ^ Maqalat-e-iqbal
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