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Ashikaga clan

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Samurai clan which ruled feudal Japan from 1333 to 1573, direct descent from the Minamoto clan

This article is about the clan of the Ashikaga shogunate. For the Fujiwara clan, seeAshikaga clan (Fujiwara).

Ashikaga clan 足利
Ashikaga Futatsubiki (足利二つ引き), the Ashikaga clanmon
Parent house	Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji)
Titles	Various
Founder	Minamoto no Yoshiyasu (Ashikaga Yoshiyasu)
Final ruler	Ashikaga Yoshiaki
Ruled until	1573,Ashikaga shogunate deposed byOda Nobunaga
Cadet branches	Hosokawa clan Imagawa clan Hatakeyama clan (restored line) Asano clan (after Asano Nagamasa) Kira clan Shiba clan Hachisuka clan others

TheAshikaga clan (Japanese:足利氏,Hepburn:Ashikaga-shi;Japanese pronunciation:[a.ɕi̥.kaꜜ.ɡa(.ɕi),-kaꜜ.ŋa(.ɕi)]^[1]^[2]) was a Japanesesamurai clan and dynasty which established theAshikaga shogunate and ruledJapan from roughly 1333^[3] to 1573.^[4] The Ashikaga were descended from a branch of theMinamoto clan, deriving originally from the town ofAshikaga inShimotsuke Province (modern-dayTochigi Prefecture).

For about a century, the clan was divided in two rival branches, theKantō Ashikaga, who ruled fromKamakura, and the Kyōto Ashikaga, rulers of Japan. The rivalry ended with the defeat of the first in 1439. The clan had many notable branch clans, including theHosokawa,^{[citation needed]}Imagawa,^{[citation needed]}Hatakeyama^{[citation needed]} (after 1205),Kira,^{[citation needed]}Shiba,^{[citation needed]} andHachisuka clans.^{[citation needed]} After the head family of the Minamoto clan died out during the earlyKamakura period, the Ashikaga came to style themselves as the head of the Minamoto, co-opting the prestige which came with that name.

Another Ashikaga clan, not related by blood, and derived instead from theFujiwara clan, also existed.

History

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Emperor Go-Daigo (1288–1339) destroyed theKamakura shogunate in 1333, but was unable to control the unrest produced. The emperor's inefficient rule led to one of his greatest generals,Ashikaga Takauji (1305–1358), to betray him in 1335. This established theNorthern Court, named after its location inKyoto, which was north of Go-Daigo's court. The conflict between Go-Daigo and the Ashikaga clan is known as the Northern and Southern Courts disturbance (南北朝の動乱). In 1392, theSouthern Court surrendered to the third shogunAshikaga Yoshimitsu (1358–1408).^[5]

Notable Shōguns

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The Ashikaga clan had 15 Shōguns from 1333 to 1573.^[6] Some were more powerful or prominent than others. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was the third shogun of the Ashikaga clan. He made the Ashikaga Shogunate strong and stable. Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was responsible for the defeat of the Southern Court in 1392. Known for his patronage of the arts, he constructed theKinkaku-ji in 1397. Yoshimitsu also expanded foreign relations withMing China. Yoshimitsu sent an embassy to Ming Dynasty China in 1401, headed by priest Soa and Hakata merchant Koetomi. They brought with them a conciliatory memorial to the emperor, and numerous gifts including horses, fans, gold, screens, paper, swords, armor, andinkstone cases. The mission was successful, and returned to Japan the following year. A Ming envoy returned alongside Soa and Koetomi, and presented Yoshimitsu with an official imperial Chinese calendar, and documents officially recognizing (or investing) him as "King of Japan."^[7]

After the death of Yoshimitsu, the Ashikaga Shogunate lost power and influence. In 1429,Ashikaga Yoshinori, the sixth shogun, adapted Yoshimitsu's policies in order to strengthen the power of the Shogunate. He wanted to increase military power but faced opposition. His 12-year reign saw the restoration of diplomatic ties and trade between Japan and China that had been the fourth Shogun,Yoshimochi's undertaking.^[8]

Ashikaga Yoshiaki was the 15th and last Shogun. He came into power in 1568 with the help of the generalOda Nobunaga. After rivalry emerged between the two, Nobunaga defeated Yoshiaki and banished him fromKyoto. This effectively ended the rule of the Ashikaga clan in 1573.^[9]

Clan heads

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1.Ashikaga Yoshiyasu^[10]
2.Ashikaga Yoshikane^[11]
3.Ashikaga Yoshiuji
4.Ashikaga Yasuuji

5.Ashikaga Yoriuji
6.Ashikaga Ietoki
7.Ashikaga Sadauji
8.Ashikaga Takauji^[12]

Shōguns

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1.Ashikaga Takauji
2.Ashikaga Yoshiakira^[13]
3.Ashikaga Yoshimitsu^[14]
4.Ashikaga Yoshimochi^[15]
5.Ashikaga Yoshikazu^[16]
6.Ashikaga Yoshinori^[17]
7.Ashikaga Yoshikatsu^[18]
8.Ashikaga Yoshimasa^[19]

9.Ashikaga Yoshihisa^[20]
10.Ashikaga Yoshitane^[21]
11.Ashikaga Yoshizumi^[22]
12.Ashikaga Yoshiharu^[23]
13.Ashikaga Yoshiteru^[24]
14.Ashikaga Yoshihide^[25]
15Ashikaga Yoshiaki^[26]

Notable

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Family tree

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Ashikaga family tree

adoption

(1305-1358)
Takauji⁽¹⁾
r. 1338-1358

(1330-1368)
Yoshiakira⁽²⁾
r. 1358-1367

(1358-1408)
Yoshimitsu⁽³⁾
r. 1367-1395

(1386-1428)
Yoshimochi⁽⁴⁾
r. 1395-1423

(1394-1441)
Yoshinori⁽⁶⁾
r. 1429-1441

(1407-1425)
Yoshikazu⁽⁵⁾
r. 1423-1425

(1433-1443)
Yoshikatsu⁽⁷⁾
r. 1442-1443

(1435-1491)
Masatomo

(1436-1490)
Yoshimasa⁽⁸⁾
r. 1449-1474

(1439-1491)
Yoshimi

(1481-1511)
Yoshizumi⁽¹¹⁾
r. 1494-1508

(1465-1489)
Yoshihisa⁽⁹⁾
r. 1474-1489

(1466-1523)
Yoshitane⁽¹⁰⁾
r. 1490-1493,
1508-1521

(1509-1573)
Yoshitsuna
1509-1573

(1510-1550)
Yoshiharu⁽¹²⁾
r. 1521-1545

(1538-1568)
Yoshihide⁽¹⁴⁾
r. 1568

(1535-1565)
Yoshiteru⁽¹³⁾
r. 1545-1565

(1537-1597)
Yoshiaki⁽¹⁵⁾
r. 1568-1573

References:

新井 (Arai), 白石 (Hakuseki) (1982).Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron. University of Queensland Press. pp. 298, 385.ISBN 978-0-7022-1485-1.
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric; Roth, Käthe (2002).Japan Encyclopedia. Oriental Translation Fund. pp. 55–57.ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.

Picture of the genealogy of the Ashikaga.

Notes

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^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, ed. (24 May 2016).NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing.
^Kindaichi, Haruhiko; Akinaga, Kazue, eds. (10 March 2025).新明解日本語アクセント辞典 (in Japanese) (2nd ed.).Sanseidō.
^"...Ashikaga (1333-1572)" Warrior Rule in Japan, page 11. Cambridge University Press.
^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ashikaga" inJapan Encyclopedia, pp. 53-57, p. 53, atGoogle Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum,seeDeutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
^NetCommons (2017-03-17). "国際日本文化研究センター学術リポジトリ".Japan Review (in Japanese).29.doi:10.15055/00006618.
^"Ashikaga Yoshiaki | Japanese shogun".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2019-10-31.
^"Ashikaga Yoshimitsu - SamuraiWiki".wiki.samurai-archives.com. Retrieved2019-10-31.
^kato."Ashikaga Yoshinori, the 6th Ashikaga Shogun".Samurai World (in Japanese). Retrieved2019-10-31.
^"Ashikaga Yoshiaki | Japanese shogun".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2019-10-31.
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiyasu" atp. 57., p. 57, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshikane" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Takauji" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiakira" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimochi" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshikazu" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshinori" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshikatsu" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimasa" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshihisa" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshitane" atp. 57., p. 57, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshizumi" atp. 57., p. 57, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiharu" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiteru" atp. 57., p. 57, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshihide" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshiaki" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Chachamaru" atp. 54., p. 54, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Masatomo" atp. 54., p. 54, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Mitsukane" atp. 54., p. 54, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Mochiuji" atp. 54., p. 54, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Motouji" atp. 54., p. 54, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Shigeuji" atpp. 54-55., p. 54, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Tadafuyu" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Sansom, George (1961).A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford University Press. pp. 81–82,90–91, 95, 97.ISBN 0804705259.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Tadayoshi" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Ujimitsu" atp. 55., p. 55, atGoogle Books
^Nussbaum, "Ashikaga Yoshimi" atp. 56., p. 56, atGoogle Books