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Arwen

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fictional half-elf in Tolkien's Middle-Earth
This article is about the fictional character. For other uses, seeArwen (disambiguation).

Fictional character
Arwen
Tolkien character
Arwen sewingAragorn's banner of the White Tree ofGondor by Anna Kulisz, inspired byEdmund Leighton's 1911Stitching the Standard
In-universe information
RaceHalf-elven
SpouseAragorn
ChildrenEldarion, daughters
Book(s)The Fellowship of the Ring (1954)
The Return of the King (1955)
Unfinished Tales (1980)

Arwen Undómiel is a fictional character inJ. R. R. Tolkien'sMiddle-earthlegendarium. She appears in the novelThe Lord of the Rings. Arwen is one of thehalf-elven who lived during theThird Age; her father wasElrond half-elven, lord of the Elvish sanctuary ofRivendell, while her mother was theElf Celebrian, daughter of the Elf-queenGaladriel, ruler ofLothlórien. She marries the ManAragorn, who becomes King of Arnor andGondor.

In Peter Jackson'sfilm adaptation, Arwen is played byLiv Tyler. She plays a more active role in the film than in the book, personally rescuing theHobbitFrodo from theBlack Riders at the Fords of Bruinen (a role played byGlorfindel in the book).

Fictional biography

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Narrative

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Main article:"The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"

Arwen was the youngest child ofElrond, lord of the Elvish sanctuary ofRivendell and leader of the High Elves remaining inMiddle-earth at the end of theThird Age, andCelebrían, daughter ofGaladriel, ruler of the Elvish forest realm ofLothlórien. Her elder brothers were the twins Elladan and Elrohir.[T 1] Her name"Ar-wen" means 'noble maiden' inSindarin.[1] She was given the name "Evenstar" as the most beautiful of the last generation ofHigh Elves inMiddle-earth.[T 2]

Arwen said: "Dark is the Shadow, and yet my heart rejoices; for you, Estel, shall be among the great whose valour will destroy it."
But Aragorn answered: "Alas! I cannot foresee it, and how it may come to pass is hidden from me. Yet with your hope I will hope. And the Shadow I utterly reject. But neither, lady, is the Twilight for me; for I am mortal, and if you will cleave to me, Evenstar, then the Twilight you must also renounce."
And she stood then as still as a white tree, looking into the West, and at last she said: "I will cleave to you,Dúnadan, and turn from the Twilight. Yet there lies the land of my people and the long home of all my kin." She loved her father dearly.

J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, part I (v) "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"

As told in "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen", an appendix toThe Lord of the Rings, in his twentieth yearAragorn met Arwen for the first time inRivendell, where he lived under Elrond's protection. Arwen, then over 2,700 years old, had recently returned to her father's home after living with her grandmother, Galadriel, in Lothlórien. Aragorn fell in love with Arwen at first sight. Thirty years later, the two were reunited in Lothlórien. Arwen reciprocated Aragorn's love, and on the mound of Cerin Amroth they committed themselves to marrying each other. In making that choice, Arwen gave up the Elvish immortality available to her as a daughter of Elrond, and agreed to remain in Middle-earth instead of travelling to theUndying Lands.[T 3]

Arwen first appears in the text ofThe Lord of the Rings in Rivendell, shortly afterFrodo Baggins wakes in the House of Elrond: she sits beside her father at the celebratory feast.[T 4] When theFellowship of the Ring comes to Lothlórien, Aragorn remembers his earlier meeting with Arwen and pauses in reverence.[T 5]

Shortly before Aragorn takes thePaths of the Dead, he is joined by a contingent of his people accompanied by Arwen's brothers, Elladan and Elrohir, who bring him a gift from Arwen: a banner of black cloth.[T 6] The banner is unfurled at theBattle of the Pelennor Fields to reveal the emblem ofElendil figured inmithril, gems, and gold; this becomes the first triumphant public announcement of the king's return.[T 7]

After the ring is destroyed, Aragorn becomes king of Arnor andGondor. Arwen arrives atMinas Tirith, and they are married.[T 8] She gives Frodo the Evenstar: her necklace with a white stone, to aid him when his injuries trouble him.[T 9]

Arwen serves as inspiration and motivation for Aragorn, who must become King of both Arnor and Gondor before Elrond will allow her to marry him.[T 3] "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" relates that Aragorn and Arwen had a son, Eldarion, and at least two unnamed daughters. One year after Aragorn's death, Arwen dies at the age of 2,901.[T 3]

Relationships

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Through her father, Elrond, Arwen was the granddaughter ofEärendil the Mariner (the second of theHalf-elven), great-granddaughter ofTuor ofGondolin, and therefore a direct descendant of the ancient House of Hador. Through her great-grandmother,Idril, Arwen was a descendant of King Turgon of theNoldor. Through her mother, she was the granddaughter of the Elf-queenGaladriel ofLothlórien.[T 10] Through both of her parents, Arwen was a direct descendant of the ancient Elven House ofFinwë. Furthermore, Arwen was a descendant ofBeren andLúthien, whosestory resembled hers. Indeed, Arwen was held to be the reappearance in likeness of Lúthien, fairest of all theElves, who was called Nightingale (Tinúviel).[T 3]

Arwen was a distant relative of her husband Aragorn.[T 3] Aragorn's ancestor, Elros Tar-Minyatur, the first King ofNúmenor, was her father Elrond's brother, who chose to live as aMan rather than as one of the Eldar. Arwen became Queen of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor when she married Aragorn, who was of the line of the Kings of Arnor. By their marriage, the lines of the Half-elven were reunited. Their union served, too, to unite and preserve the bloodlines of the three kings of the high Elves (Ingwë, Finwë, and the brothers Olwë andElwë) as well as the only line withMaiarin blood through Arwen's great-great-great grandmother,Melian, Queen ofDoriath.[T 11]


Half-elven family tree[T 12][T 11]
Melian
theMaia		Thingol
of the Teleri		House
of Bëor		House
of Haleth		House
of Hador		Finwë
of the Noldor		Indis
of the Vanyar		Olwë
of the Teleri
BarahirBelegundHarethGaldorFingolfinFinarfinEärwen
LúthienBerenRíanHuorHúrinTurgonElenwë
DiorNimlothTuorIdril
ElurédElurínElwingEärendilCelebornGaladriel
ElrosElrondCelebrían
22 Kings
ofNúmenor and
Lords of Andúnië
Elendil
IsildurAnárion
22 Kings
ofArnor
and Arthedain		27 Kings
ofGondor
ArveduiFíriel
15Dúnedain
Chieftains
AragornArwenElladanElrohir
Eldariondaughters
Colour key:
ColourDescription
 Elves
 Men
 Maiar
 Half-elven
 Half-elven who chose the fate of Elves
 Half-elven who chose the fate of mortal Men

Analysis

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Further information:Women in The Lord of the Rings

As related inThe History of Middle-earth, Tolkien conceived the character of "Elrond's daughter" late in the writing.[T 13][T 14] Prior to this, he had considered having Aragorn marryÉowyn of the royal family ofRohan.[T 15][2]

Arwen is depicted as extremely beautiful; she is in Melissa Hatcher's view inMythlore "a symbol of the unattainable, a perfect match for the unattainable Aragorn in Éowyn's eyes."[3] Carol Leibiger wrote in theJ.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia that Arwen's lack of involvement follows the general Elvish pattern, already established inThe Silmarillion and continued inThe Lord of the Rings, of retreating to safe havens.[4]

The scholar of English literature Nancy Enright wrote that Arwen, likeChrist, is an immortal who voluntarily chooses mortality out of love, in her case for Aragorn. She granted that Arwen is not a conspicuous character, and unlike Éowyn does not ride into battle, but stated that her inner power is "subtly conveyed" and present throughout the novel.[5]

Adaptations

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Peter Jackson's film series

[edit]
Liv Tyler plays Arwen inPeter Jackson'sThe Lord of the Rings film trilogy.

InPeter Jackson'sThe Lord of the Rings film trilogy, Arwen is played byLiv Tyler. The films give her a more prominent role than her literary counterpart.[6][7][8] In the first film, Arwen searches for Aragorn and single-handedly rescuesFrodo Baggins from theBlack Riders atBruinen, thwarting them with a sudden flood, summoned by an incantation.[8][9] During this flight, Arwen wields the swordHadhafang, which according to film merchandise was once wielded by her father and had belonged to his grandmotherIdril Celebrindal.[9]

In the film adaptation ofThe Two Towers, the injured Aragorn is revived by a dream or vision of Arwen, who kisses him and asks theValar to protect him.[8]

In the film, Arwen does not send Aragorn the banner she has made; instead, Elrond takes the sword Narsil, reforged asAndúril, to Aragorn atDunharrow, and tells him that Arwen's fate has become bound to theOne Ring, and that she is dying. The Tolkien scholarJanet Brennan Croft comments that Jackson makes Arwen passive, denying her independence of mind; from being a constant support, she is a distraction, even a temptation, to Aragorn, whom Croft likens to "the American Superhero", and their marriage, in the book a sign of his rightful kingship, is in the film something he accepts as if he was condemned to it.[10][11]

The film scene "Arwen's vision" borrows visually fromRiders of the Sidhe byJohn Duncan, 1911.[12]

In the extended version, Elrond asks Arwen, in Elvish with English subtitles, to accompany him to safety inValinor, away from Middle-earth.[13]

The Tolkien scholarDimitra Fimi comments that the procession of Elves in the scene "Arwen's vision" in the extended version borrows visually from the "Celtic" imagery ofJohn Duncan's 1911Pre-Raphaelite paintingRiders of the Sidhe.[12] Sauron uses thePalantír to show Aragorn a dying Arwen (a scene from the future) in the hope of weakening his resolve.[10]

The films portray Arwen as becoming human through her love for Aragorn; as in the novel, she follows the choice of her ancestor Lúthien to become a mortal woman for the love of a mortal man.[8][5] The films introduce a jewelled pendant called theEvenstar which Arwen gives to Aragorn as a token of their love. A similar pendant appears inMarion Zimmer Bradley's short storyThe Jewel of Arwen, although in that story Arwen gives it to "the Ring-Bearer" rather than to Aragorn.[a] In Tolkien's novel, Arwen gives Frodo "a white gem like a star...hanging upon a silver chain" before he leaves Minas Tirith, saying, "When the memory of the fear and the darkness troubles you...this will bring you aid".[T 9]

In earlier versions of the script, Arwen fought in theBattle of Helm's Deep and brought the sword Andúril to Aragorn. Some scenes of Arwen fighting in Helm's Deep were filmed before both the film's writers (with Liv Tyler's approval) reconsidered the change and deleted her from the sequence.[14] The criticJohn D. Rateliff wrote approvingly of the deletion of what he calls "Arwen,Warrior Princess", even though it came "at the cost of reducing her to a sort ofLady of Shallott languishing for most of the final two films".[15]

In theMythopoeic Society'sTolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings, Cathy Akers-Jordan, Victoria Gaydosik,Jane Chance, and Maureen Thum all contend that the portrayal of Arwen and other women in the Jackson films is thematically faithful to or compatible with Tolkien's writings, despite the differences.[16][17][18][19]

Other

[edit]

In the1981 BBC radio serialisation ofThe Lord of the Rings, Arwen is voiced by Sonia Fraser.[20] In themusical theatre adaptation ofLord of the Rings, Arwen, played in London in 2007 byRosalie Craig, sings the Prologue, and three musical numbers: "The Song of Hope", "Star of Eärendil" (with the Elven chorus) and "The Song of Hope Duet" (with Aragorn).[21][22] In the 2009fan filmThe Hunt for Gollum, Arwen is played byRita Ramnani.[23][24]

TheLord of the Rings board game made use of a rendition of Arwen by Jackson's conceptual designer, the illustratorJohn Howe; the work was inspired by the French actressIsabelle Adjani.[25]

Notes

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  1. ^This story appears in all the fantasy trilogies inthe ISFDB list.

References

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Primary

[edit]
  1. ^Tolkien 1955 Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers
  2. ^Tolkien 1954a book 2, ch. 1 "Many Meetings"
  3. ^abcdeTolkien 1955 Appendix A, part I (v) "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"
  4. ^Tolkien 1954a book 2, ch. 2 "The Council of Elrond"
  5. ^Tolkien 1954a book 2, ch. 6 "Lothlórien"
  6. ^Tolkien 1955 book 5, ch. 2 "The Passing of the Grey Company"
  7. ^Tolkien 1955 book 5, ch. 6 "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields"
  8. ^Tolkien 1955 book 6, ch. 5 "The Steward and the King"
  9. ^abTolkien 1955 book 6, ch. 6 "Many Partings"
  10. ^Tolkien 1977 "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age": Family Trees I and II: "The house of Finwë and the Noldorin descent of Elrond and Elros", and "The descendants of Olwë and Elwë"
  11. ^abTolkien 1955, Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers, I The Númenórean Kings
  12. ^Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age": Family Trees I and II: "The house of Finwë and the Noldorin descent of Elrond and Elros", and "The descendants of Olwë and Elwë"
  13. ^Tolkien 1990 p. 370 "Finduilas Elrond's daughter"
  14. ^Tolkien 1992 pp. 59, 66-67 "Many Partings"
  15. ^Tolkien 1989pp. 83-84

Secondary

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  1. ^Hammond, Wayne G.;Scull, Christina.The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion. HarperCollins. p. 205.
  2. ^Fontenot, Megan N. (29 October 2020)."Exploring the People of Middle-earth: Arwen Undómiel, Evenstar of Her People". Tor.com. Retrieved25 March 2021.
  3. ^Hatcher, Melissa McCrory (2007)."Finding Woman's Role in The Lord of the Rings".Mythlore.25 (3). article 5.
  4. ^Leibiger, Carol A. (2013) [2007]. "Women in Tolkien's Works". InDrout, Michael D. C. (ed.).The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia.Routledge. pp. 710–712.ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1.
  5. ^abEnright, Nancy (2007). "Tolkien's Females and the Defining of Power".Renascence.59 (2):93–108.doi:10.5840/renascence200759213.ISSN 0034-4346.
  6. ^"Liv Tyler Biography".People. p. 2.Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved23 June 2008.
  7. ^Burr, Ty (12 December 2001)."Liv and Let Liv".Entertainment Weekly. Archived fromthe original on 1 February 2009. Retrieved8 January 2009.
  8. ^abcdShippey, Tom (2005) [1982].The Road to Middle-Earth (Third ed.).HarperCollins. pp. 413,418–419.ISBN 978-0261102750.
  9. ^abDerdzinski, Ryszard, ed. (2002)."Language in the Lord of the Rings movie".Archived from the original on 11 August 2002. Retrieved2 December 2012.
  10. ^abCroft, Janet Brennan (2011)."Jackson's Aragorn and the American Superhero". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.).Picturing Tolkien. McFarland. pp. 219–220.ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7.
  11. ^Thompson, Kristin (2011)."Gollum Talks to himself". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.).Picturing Tolkien. McFarland. p. 41.ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7.
  12. ^abFimi, Dimitra (2011)."Filming Folklore". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.).Picturing Tolkien. McFarland. p. 90.ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7.
  13. ^Ford, Judy Ann;Reid, Robin Anne (2011)."Into the West". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.).Picturing Tolkien. McFarland. p. 174.ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7.
  14. ^Peter Jackson. (2005).The Lord Of The Rings - The Two Towers - Extended Edition Appendices [DVD].
  15. ^Rateliff, John D. (2011)."Two Kinds of Absence". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.).Picturing Tolkien: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings Film Trilogy. McFarland. pp. 65–66.ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7.
  16. ^Akers-Jordan, Cathy (2005). "Fairy Princess or Tragic Heroine? The Metamorphosis of Arwen Undomiel in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings Films". InCroft, Janet Brennan (ed.).Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings.Mythopoeic Press.ISBN 1-887726-09-8.
  17. ^Chance, Jane (2005). "Tolkien's Women (and Men): The Films and the Books". InCroft, Janet Brennan (ed.).Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings.Mythopoeic Press.ISBN 1-887726-09-8.
  18. ^Gaydosik, Victoria (2005). "The Transformation of Tolkien's Arwen and the Abandonment of the Psyche Archetype: The Lord of the Rings on the Page and on the Screen". InCroft, Janet Brennan (ed.).Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings. East Lansing, Michigan:Mythopoeic Press.ISBN 1-887726-09-8.
  19. ^Thum, Maureen (2005). "The 'Sub-Subcreation' of Galadriel, Arwen, and Éowyn: Tolkien's Women and The Lord of the Rings". InCroft, Janet Brennan (ed.).Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings.Mythopoeic Press.ISBN 1-887726-09-8.
  20. ^"Riel Radio Theatre — The Lord of the Rings, Episode 2". Radioriel. 15 January 2009. Archived fromthe original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved18 May 2020.
  21. ^"The Lord of the Rings".The Guide to Musical Theatre. Retrieved19 July 2020.
  22. ^"Lord of the Rings cast confirmed!".London Theatre. 15 January 2007. Retrieved19 July 2020.
  23. ^"The Hunt for Gollum".British Council. Retrieved19 July 2020.
  24. ^"The Hunt for Gollum, kortfilm fra 2009".FilmFront. Retrieved19 July 2020.
  25. ^Howe, John (9 September 2011)."Arwen".Illustrator John Howe. Retrieved18 September 2012.

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