| Arundel Castle | |
|---|---|
 Aerial panorama of the castle and its surroundings | |
 Interactive map of the Arundel Castle area | |
| General information | |
| Location | Arundel,West Sussex, England |
| Coordinates | 50°51′22″N0°33′13″W / 50.85611°N 0.55361°W /50.85611; -0.55361 |
| Owner | Duke of Norfolk |
| Website | |
| arundelcastle.org | |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Designated | 26 March 1949 |
| Reference no. | 1027926[1] |
Arundel Castle is a restored and remodelled medieval castle inArundel,West Sussex, England. It was established by Roger de Montgomery in the 11th century. The castle was damaged in theEnglish Civil War and then restored in the 18th and early 19th centuries byCharles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk.[2] Further restoration and embellishment was undertaken from the 1890s byCharles Alban Buckler for the 15th Duke.[1]
Since the 11th century, the castle has been the seat of theEarls of Arundel and theDukes of Norfolk. It is aGrade I listed building.[1]
The original structure was amotte-and-bailey castle.Roger de Montgomery was declared the firstEarl of Arundel as the King granted him the property as part of a much largerhonour of hundreds of manors.[3] Roger, who was a cousin ofWilliam the Conqueror, had stayed in Normandy to keep the peace there while William was away in England. He was rewarded for his loyalty with extensive lands in theWelsh Marches and across the country, together with one fifth of Sussex (Arundel Rape). He began work on Arundel Castle in around 1067.[4]
Between 1101 and 1102 the castle was besieged by the forces ofHenry I after its holderRobert of Bellême rebelled.[5] The siege ended with the castle surrendering to the king.[5] The castle then passed to Henry I's widowAdeliza of Louvain and her second husbandWilliam d'Aubigny. Adeliza and William hosted Adeliza's stepdaughterEmpress Matilda in the castle in 1139, during the early years ofthe Anarchy.[4]
Adeliza died in 1151 and William died in 1176. The castle then passed down the d'Aubigny line until the death ofHugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel in 1243.[4]John Fitzalan then inheritedjure matris the castle and honour of Arundel, by which, according toHenry VI's "admission" of 1433, he was later retrospectively held to have becomede jure Earl of Arundel.[6]
The FitzAlan male line ceased on the death ofHenry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, whose daughter and heiressMary FitzAlan marriedThomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk in 1555, to whose descendants the castle and earldom passed.[7]
In 1643, during theFirst English Civil War, the castle wasbesieged.[8] The 800royalists inside surrendered after 18 days. Afterwards in 1653 Parliament ordered theslighting of the castle; however "weather probably destroyed more".[9]
Although the castle remained in the hands of the Howard family over the succeeding centuries, it was not their favourite residence, and the variousDukes of Norfolk invested their time and energy into improving other ducal estates, includingNorfolk House in London.[10]Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, was known for his restoration work and improvements to the castle beginning in 1787.[4] Thefolly that still stands on the hill above Swanbourne Lake was commissioned by and built for the Duke byFrancis Hiorne at this time.[11]
Some stained glass was supplied byWilliam Raphael Eginton. Circa 1816, he described it thus:[12]
3 Portraits of Barons, full length, of the time of King John, in Baronial Hall, at Arundel Castle.
In 1846,Queen Victoria and her husband,Prince Albert, visited Arundel Castle for three days.Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk, internally remodelled the castle in time for her visit. The architectural firm responsible for design of the furniture was named Morant. The work included a suite of six rooms, built on the second floor of the south-east range at this time.[4]
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After the 1846 royal visit the15th Duke began re-structuring the castle again from 1875 to 1905. The work, which was done to the designs ofCharles Alban Buckler and undertaken byRattee and Kett of Cambridge, was completed in the late 19th century.[13][14] The16th Duke had planned to give the castle to theNational Trust but following his death in 1975 the17th Duke cancelled the plan. He created an independent charitable trust to guarantee the castle's future, and oversaw restoration works.[15]
The gardens had received significant improvements by early 2020 through the efforts of head gardener Martin Duncan and his crew. A horticulturalist and landscape designer, Duncan has been working at the Castle since 2009; in 2018, he received the Kew Guild Medal. The gardeners and volunteers "have worked wonders with their bold and innovative plantings", according to an April 2020 report byCountry Life. Their most recent efforts led to a wild water garden around the medieval friary ponds.[16]
Designed byIsabel andJulian Bannerman, The Collector's Earl Garden was opened in 2008 byCharles, Prince of Wales as a tribute to Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel, known as ‘The Collector’. The garden's centrepiece, Oberon's Palace, is a pavilion that features a shellwork grotto and a fountain that supports a golden corona when the water spurts.[17]
The cricket field in the castle grounds has, since 1895, seen matches involving teams from local youths to international sides.[18]
Arundel Castle has been used as a filming location for several television and film productions. The BBC filmed extensively at the castle and its grounds in 1988 for theDoctor Who serialSilver Nemesis, where it doubled forWindsor Castle.[22] It also doubled for Windsor Castle in the 1994 filmThe Madness of King George.[23] Arundel Castle was also a location for the 2009 filmThe Young Victoria,[24] and the 2017 filmWonder Woman.[25]
InThomas Malory's epicMorte D'Arthur, Arundel Castle is the castle of Anglides, the mother of Alisander le Orphelin.[26]
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