| Aruna | |
|---|---|
 A painter depicting Aruna driving the chariot of the sun godSurya | |
| Gender | Male |
| Genealogy | |
| Parents | |
| Siblings | Garuda |
| Consort | Shyeni |
| Children | Sampati andJatayu (sons) |
Aruna (Sanskrit:अरुण) is the charioteer ofSurya (the sun god) inHinduism.[1] He is the elder brother ofGaruda. Aruna and Garuda are the sons of Vedic sageKashyapa and his wifeVinata, daughter ofPrajapatiDaksha. His children were the mighty vulturesSampati andJatayu. He is also found inBuddhism andJainism literature and arts.
Aruna is found in different, inconsistent Indian legends. In the epicMahabharata,[2] he was born prematurely and partially developed from an egg. According to this version,KashyapaPrajapati's two wivesVinata andKadru wanted to have children. Kashyapa granted them a boon.[3] Kadru asked for one thousand 'Dirghadeha' (meaning long bodied)Nāga (serpent) sons, while Vinata wanted only two yet extremely strong 'Divyadeha' (meaning emitting golden aura from body), who would excel the thousand sons of Kadru. Kashyapa blessed them, and then went away to a forest. Later, Kadru gave birth to one thousand eggs, while Vinata gave birth to two eggs. These incubated for five hundred years, upon which Kadru broke the eggs open and out came her 1,000 sons. Vinata eager for her sons, broke one of the eggs from which emerged the partially formed Aruna. Since Aruna was born prematurely, only the upper half of his body had developed. Enraged by his mother's haste, he cursed her to become a slave of Kadru for 500 years, upon which her second egg would break and his brother would emancipate her.[4] Having cursed his mother, Aruna rose to the skies, and was bestowed the position of charioteer to Surya by his father, Prajapati Kasyapa. Accordingly, Vinata waited, and later the fully developed mighty eagle, her second born namedGaruda (the mount of LordVishnu) was born.[3]
The epic narrates that in another tale that Surya began burning intensely, angered by the attacks ofRahu (Rahu swallowing Surya is described to causesolar eclipses in Hindu mythology). The heat was so intense that it started destroying all living beings. Then, the creatorBrahma asked Aruna to become the charioteer of Surya, to shield all living beings from his terrible heat.[2]
According to theRamayana, Aruna was married to Shyeni[5] with whom he had two sons –Jatayu andSampati.[6] Both of them would play a very important role in the epic.
There is a legend in the Mahabharata that Surya once offered Aruna and his divine chariot to his sonKarna which he denied as he didn't want to rely on others to win the war, especially against Arjuna whom he acknowledged as a capable rival.[7]
Another legend, generally told in Indian folk tales linked to the Ramayana, states that Aruna, once became a woman named Aruni and entered an assembly ofApsara (celestial nymphs), where no man exceptIndra (the king of heaven) was allowed. Indra fell in love with Aruni and fathered a son namedVali from her. The next day, at Surya's request, Aruna again assumed female form, and Surya fathered a son namedSugriva. Both children were given toAhalya for rearing, but her husband, the sageGautama cursed them, causing them to turn intomonkeys, as he did not like them.[2][8][1]
