Artush Artux, Atush | |
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.jpg) Tomb ofSultan Satuk Bughra Khan | |
  Artush Location in Xinjiang Show map of Southern Xinjiang Artush Artush (Xinjiang) Show map of Xinjiang Artush Artush (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Artush municipal government):39°42′58″N76°10′06″E / 39.7162°N 76.1684°E /39.7162; 76.1684 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Autonomous prefecture | Kizilsu |
| Municipal seat | Guangming Road Subdistrict |
| Area | |
• Total | 15,697.78 km2 (6,060.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[2] | |
• Total | 290,936 |
| • Density | 18.5336/km2 (48.0017/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Major ethnic groups |
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| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Website | www |
| Artush | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 阿图什 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 阿圖什 | ||||||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | ئاتۇش | ||||||||||
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| Kyrgyz name | |||||||||||
| Kyrgyz | ارتىش Артыш Artysh | ||||||||||
Artush (/ɑːrˈtʊʃ/ar-TUUSH; also transliterated asArtux[3] orAtush) is a county-level city and the capital ofKizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture inXinjiang, China. Thegovernment seat is in Guangming Road Subdistrict.[4] As of 2018, it has a population of 285,507 people, 81.4 per cent of whom areUyghurs.[5]
Artush is the political, economic and cultural center of Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture.[6]
In theHan Dynasty, it was a component ofShule, a significant town on the historicSilk Road, and continues to thrive in trade and business. In 60 BC, theHan Dynasty established theProtectorate of the Western Regions.[7] Subsequently, in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Artush fell under the authority of theChief Official of the Western Regions, which later became part ofWestern Turkic Khaganate. In 649, it was incorporated into the Shule Governor's Office of theProtectorate General to Pacify the West.[8]
In 840, theUyghur Khaganate and other tribes established theKara-Khanid Khanate, of which Artush was a region. Artush became part of theChagatai Khanate during theYuan Dynasty. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Artush was part of theEastern Chagatai Khanate. TheYarkent Khanate was created during the Ming Dynasty, with Artush as one of its territories.[9]
In 1759, the Qing authoritiesquelled the turmoil in the large and tiny Hezhuo, placing Artush under the authority of the Minister of Kashgar, referred to as Astu Altush, while Aqimu Burke was established in Atushi Zhuang to oversee local governance. In 1884, Atushi was incorporated intoGansu-Xinjiang Province [zh].[10][11]
In January 1943, Artush County was established.[1][12] In 1949, it was part ofKashgar Prefecture. On July 14, 1954, theKizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture was founded, and Atushi County was placed under its administration, subsequently recognized as the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture. In June 1986, Atushi County was dissolved, leading to the establishment of the city of Atushi.[1][12]
At 10:23 pm on January 19, 2020, a 5.2 magnitude earthquake struck in Artush.[3]
It is situated in the northwest part of theTarim Basin, south of theTien Shan mountains. Like most of Xinjiang, Artush has acool arid climate (KöppenBWk) with hot summers, freezing winters and little precipitation and low humidity year-round. The annual mean temperature is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) and the annual mean precipitation around 95 millimetres or 3.74 inches. Most of this limited precipitation falls from erratic thunderstorms in the summer months, although at this time relative humidity averages less than 35 percent.
Artush is situated at the western periphery of theTarim Basin, on the southwestern slope of theTianshan Mountains, characterized by high mountains, ravines, and valleys, with terrain that gradually ascends from south to north.[13]
Artush features undulating high mountains and minor plains, with the topography elevated in the north and declining in the south, gradually dropping from the southwest to the east, resulting in a complex terrain. The northern section of the city features a prominent mountainous region, characterized by the Maydan and Kara Tirzhek mountains of the Tianshan Mountains, along with undulating hills and mountain ranges. The central region comprises the middle highlands and low hills, interspersed with the Tugu Baiti and Harajun basins. The southern region features an intermountain floodplain, integral to the Kashgar delta, characterized by flat topography.[13]
| Climate data for Artush, elevation 1,268 m (4,160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) | 18.6 (65.5) | 28.4 (83.1) | 34.9 (94.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 39.5 (103.1) | 41.0 (105.8) | 41.8 (107.2) | 37.0 (98.6) | 30.9 (87.6) | 25.1 (77.2) | 18.9 (66.0) | 41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 6.0 (42.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 27.8 (82.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 2.0 (35.6) | 19.2 (66.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) | 0.8 (33.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 17.2 (63.0) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.1 (80.8) | 25.9 (78.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 13.9 (57.0) | 5.1 (41.2) | −2.7 (27.1) | 13.4 (56.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) | −3.9 (25.0) | 4.4 (39.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.0 (69.8) | 19.8 (67.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 0.1 (32.2) | −6.3 (20.7) | 8.0 (46.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.5 (−4.9) | −20.7 (−5.3) | −7.9 (17.8) | −0.1 (31.8) | 4.1 (39.4) | 8.1 (46.6) | 11.4 (52.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | 6.5 (43.7) | −2.2 (28.0) | −12.6 (9.3) | −19.9 (−3.8) | −20.7 (−5.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 3.3 (0.13) | 8.2 (0.32) | 6.8 (0.27) | 6.0 (0.24) | 15.8 (0.62) | 14.8 (0.58) | 14.5 (0.57) | 15.5 (0.61) | 10.9 (0.43) | 5.8 (0.23) | 3.1 (0.12) | 3.6 (0.14) | 108.3 (4.26) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 36.4 |
| Average snowy days | 6.2 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 17.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 63 | 51 | 37 | 29 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 40 | 43 | 52 | 65 | 43 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 147.7 | 154.2 | 175.4 | 210.1 | 261.9 | 293.1 | 307.3 | 283.3 | 240.7 | 227.9 | 181.4 | 135.3 | 2,618.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 49 | 50 | 47 | 52 | 59 | 66 | 68 | 68 | 66 | 67 | 62 | 47 | 58 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[14][15] | |||||||||||||
Artush includes threesubdistricts, onetown, sixtownships and one other area:[16][1][17]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kyrgyz (Arabic script) | Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||||||||
| Xingfu Road Subdistrict (Bext Road Subdistrict) | 幸福路街道 | Xìngfúlù Jiēdào | بەخت يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | bext yoli kocha bashqarmisi | باقىت جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Бакыт жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001001 | |
| Guangming Road Subdistrict (Nurluq Road Subdistrict) | 光明路街道 | Guāngmínglù Jiēdào | نۇرلۇق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى | nurluq yoli kocha bashqarmisi | نۇرلۇق جولۇ كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Нурлук жолу көчө башкармасы | 653001002 | |
| Xincheng Subdistrict | 新城街道 | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى | yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi | جاڭى شاار كۅچۅ باشقارماسى | Жаңы шаар көчө башкармасы | 653001003 | |
| Towns | ||||||||
| Ustun Artush Town (Shang'atushi[18]) | 上阿图什镇 | Shàng'ātúshí Zhèn | ئۈستۈن ئاتۇش بازىرى | Üstün Atush baziri | ۉستۉن ارتىش شاارچاسى | Үстүн Артыш шаарчасы | 653001100 | |
| Süntag Town[18] | 松他克镇 | Sōngtākè Zhèn | سۇنتاغ بازىرى | suntagh baziri | سۇنتاق شاارچاسى | Сунтак шаарчасы | 653001101 | |
| Azak Town | 阿扎克镇 | Āzhākè Zhèn | ئازاق بازىرى | Azaq baziri | ازاق شاارچاسى | Азак шаарчасы | 653001102 | |
| Townships | ||||||||
| Agu Township[18] | 阿湖乡 | Āhú Xiāng | ئاغۇ يېزىسى | Aghu yëzisi | اغۇۇ ايىلى | Агуу айылы | 653001102 | |
| Katyaylak Township[18] | 格达良乡 | Gédáliáng Xiāng | كاتتايلاق يېزىسى | kattaylaq yëzisi | كەتتئيلئك ايىلى | Кеттийлек айылы | 653001104 | |
| Karajül Township[19] (Karajol Township[18]) | 哈拉峻乡[20] | Hālājùn Xiāng | قاراجول يېزىسى | qarajol yëzisi | قاراجۉل ايىلى | Кара-Жүл айылы | 653001105 | |
| Tugurmiti Township | 吐古买提乡 | Tǔgǔmǎití Xiāng | تۈگۈرمىتى يېزىسى | tügürmiti yëzisi | تەگىرمەتى ايىلى | Тегирмети айылы | 653001106 | |
Other:
Artush's economy is primarily agriculture, the agricultural products are mainly cotton, grapes, and sheep.
Industries in Artush include salt-making, cotton-ginning, food processing and cooking oil processing. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, sesame, rice and others, and the local specialty is thecommon fig. Sheep are the main livestock in Artush.[12]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 200,345 | — |
| 2010 | 240,368 | +1.84% |
| 2015 | 269,317 | +2.30% |
| 2018 | 285,507 | +1.96% |
| Sources:[1][21][5] | ||
As of 1997[update], 81.5% of the population of Artush was Uyghur.[22]
As of 1999[update], 79.68 per cent of the population of Artush were Uyghur and 7.21 per cent of the population were Han Chinese.[23]
As of 2015[update], 216,651 (80.44%) of the 269,317 residents of Artush wereUyghurs, 30,174 (11.20%) wereKyrgyz, 21,754 (8.08%) wereHan Chinese and 738 were from other ethnic groups.[21]
As of 2018[update], the population of Artush was 285,507.
| Nationality | Percentage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghurs | 81.4% | |||
| Kyrgyz | 11.0% | |||
| Han | 7.3% | |||
| Hui | 0.1% | |||
| Others | 0.2% | |||
| Source:[5] | ||||
Artush is served by theSouthern Xinjiang Railway.[12]
Historical English-language maps including Artush:
![Map including Artush (labeled as A-T'U-SHIH (ARTUSH)) (AMS, 1966)[b]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aTxu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg)
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1980)[c]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aOperational_Navigation_Chart_G-7%2c_6th_edition.jpg)
![Map including Artush (A-t'u-shih) (DMA, 1984)[d]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aTxu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_g-7a.jpg)
2000年第五次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口200345人，{...}2003年，全市总面积15697.78平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿图什市常住总人口240368人，其中：幸福路街道21786人，光明路街道36316人，松他克乡36849人，阿扎克乡38574人，阿湖乡16189人，上阿图什乡45847人，格达良乡16248人，哈拉峻乡15931人，吐古买提乡9009人，兵团农三师红旗农场3619人。
the city of Artux in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
统计用区划代码 名称 653001001000 幸福路街道 653001002000 光明路街道 653001003000 新城街道 653001100000 上阿图什镇 653001200000 松他克乡 653001201000 阿扎克乡 653001202000 阿湖乡 653001204000 格达良乡 653001205000 哈拉峻乡 653001206000 吐古买提乡 653001500000 兵团农三师红旗农场
阿图什市于1986年经国务院批准撤县设市，辖7乡、3场、2个街道办事处
柳树林距哈拉峻乡政府驻地约26千米，占地数十亩。
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州辖市，州府驻地。位于自治州西南部，与吉尔吉斯斯坦接壤。面积1.5万平方千米，人口18.4万，有柯尔克孜、维吾尔、汉、回、哈萨克、塔吉克等16个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.5％，辖2街道7乡。（本页根据《中国政区大典》整理，1997年左右资料）
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