Arthuret is acivil parish inCumbria, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,434, increasing to 2,471 at the 2011 census.[1] The parish includes the town ofLongtown and the village of Easton. It is bounded by theRiver Esk to the west and theRiver Lyne to the south.
The interpretation of the name Arthuret has presented problems. The name can possibly be associated with the battle ofArmterid recorded in the mid-10th century WelshAnnales Cambriae as having taken place in c. 573;Armterid (speltArfderydd in Modern Welsh) is composed ofarm-, perhaps meaning "arms, weapon" (arf in Modern Welsh, borrowed ultimately from Latinarma, "arms, armour") – or perhaps an Old Welsh cognate of Old Irishairm meaning 'place' – and a second elementterid "ardent, fierce; flaming, blazing; fast, nimble, swift" (terydd in Modern Welsh, a loan from Latintorridus, "scorched, parched, burned"). However, "... it seems safer to leave the interpretation of 'Armterid' an open question."[2]
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The site of the church overlooks a suggested site of theBattle of Arfderydd, fought in 573 A.D., mention of which appears inGeoffrey of Monmouth'sVita Merlini and also in theAnnales Cambriae (written c1100 A.D. where it appears as 'Bellum armterid'). The battle took place very early in the reign of theKing of Strathclyde,Rhydderch Hael, (patron ofSt. Kentigern, and Myrddin's supposed brother-in-law), between the WarlordGwenddoleu ap Ceidio and his cousinsPeredur andGwrgi, Princes of eitherEbrauc (modern York), or possibly fromGwynedd. In thisbattle, Gwenddoleu lost his life, and it is not known if one of his brothers, Nudd and Caw, survived to succeed him as king of Arfderydd afterwards.
In this battleMyrddin killed his nephew (by his sisterGwenddydd, wife of King Rhydderch Hael), who was fighting on the opposing side. This act drove Myrddin mad and he spent the rest of his life roaming theForests of Celyddon (Glennie 1869). 140 other men of rank suffered battle-madness and perished in these woods (Rich & Begg 1991).
In theBlack Book of Carmarthen is recorded a poem which takes the form of a dialogue between Myrddin and the Welsh bardTaliesin (Skene 1988); it records how Myrddin wore a gold torque and tells of his grief at the death of King Gwenddolau. The battle is said to have lasted six weeks and three hundred men were killed and buried nearby. It was one of the three futile battles of Britain, fought over a lark's nest.
St Michael and All Angels' Church is situated a mile or so to the south of Longtown, to the west of theA7 and overlooking the River Esk.
The church tower stones are unusual in that many of them havemasons' marks which are clearly visible. This church was built as a result of a national fundraising ordered byJames I and VI in 1607 because the existing church had been frequently devastated by Scots reivers/raiders,[3] and to benefit the parishioners who were mainly rejecting Christ's teachings. (James also employed more direct methods of improving the morals of the area, hanging notable reivers from both sides of the Border and deporting the Grahams of the Esk valleyen masse to Ireland.[4]) Part of the sum was stolen and this delayed the construction of the new church.
Aholy well is located on the edge of the mound. It is a well-built structure, with stone canopy and steps. It was still used for baptisms until the 1970s.
The current clergyman of the church is the Reverend Brett Murphy.
Netherby Hall, the historic home of theGraham family, is a Grade II* listed mansion.[5] It stands upon the site of theRomanfort ofCastra Exploratorum.[6] Its nucleus is a 15th-centurypele tower, extended or altered in 1639 forSir Richard Graham and enclosed by extensive later additions to the house (in the late 18th century), with further extensions taking place in 1833 forSir James Graham l byWilliam Burn.[7] The original pele tower is thought to have been built with stone from the Roman fort,[7] but the remains of the fort and itsvicus noted by Tudor antiquarians have been obliterated by the later extensions of the Hall.[6]
In October 1592 the Scottish rebelEarl of Bothwell, his wifeMargaret Douglas, and theLaird of Burleigh stayed at Netherby with Walter Graham and played cards and football.[8]
The Netherby Estate, owned by the Graham family for 400 years, extends over a large area of the parish along the Scottish border. AGothickfolly known as theCoop House was probably built about 1772 as an adornment to the estate. Coop House is now leased by theLandmark Trust.
Since 2014, the Estate has been owned by Gerald and Margo Smith.[9] A restoration of the stables and walled garden[10] that commenced in 2016 was completed. As of 2023, holiday lets were available "above the stables, in the garden bothies and lodge cottages".[11]
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