Arthur Brown Jr. | |
|---|---|
 Image of Arthur Brown Jr in his 50s | |
| Born | (1874-05-21)May 21, 1874 |
| Died | July 7, 1957(1957-07-07) (aged 83) |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Years active | 1905-1949 |
Arthur Brown Jr. (May 21, 1874—July 7, 1957)[1] was an American architect, based inSan Francisco and designer of many of its landmarks. He is known for his work withJohn Bakewell Jr. as Bakewell and Brown, along with later works after the partnership dissolved in 1927.
Brown was a member ofBeta Theta Pi fraternity and graduated from theUniversity of California, Berkeley in 1896, where he and his future partner,John Bakewell Jr. (1872–1963), also a member of Beta Theta Pi, were both protégés of famed Bay Area architectBernard Maybeck. Brown went toParis and graduated from theÉcole des Beaux-Arts in 1901, attending the atelier ofVictor Laloux, before returning to San Francisco to establish his practice with Bakewell in 1905.
Their first commissions included the interior of theCity of Paris department store and the city hall forBerkeley, California, before entering the competition for the 1915San Francisco City Hall for which they are best known. Brown also designed the city'sWar Memorial Opera House and Veterans Building, the former in collaboration withG. Albert Lansburgh. Brown was meticulously trained in the rigorous Beaux-Arts tradition, and in the City Hall project his attention extended to the smallest details of light fixtures, floor patterning and doorknobs.
In addition to their well-known monumental works, Bakewell and Brown designed several homes in theArts and Crafts style championed by Maybeck. Early among them were two redwood framed "double houses" for Stanford University in 1908, and the only fraternity house they designed de novo, the Beta Chi Chapter House of Sigma Nu in 1910 (razed by the University in 1991 despite student and alumni efforts to give it historic designation and restore it).[2][3] They later designed additions to Ernest Coxhead's 1893 Beta Theta Pi house they had lived in as undergraduates, now a listed Berkeley landmark.[4]
The firm went on to design a series of familiar San Francisco landmarks, and many buildings atStanford University, before Brown dissolved the partnership in 1927. For contractual reasons many buildings at Stanford through the 1930s continued to be credited to both.[5]
Bakewell and Brown also designed the Byzantine-inspired Temple Emmanuel (1926) at Lake St. and Arguello Blvd. in San Francisco, and the Pasadena City Hall (1927).[6][7]
Most of Brown's later San Francisco works employed a stripped-down classicism. The poured-concreteArt ModerneCoit Tower (1932), that crownsTelegraph Hill is an important Modernist landmark in the Bay Area. Coit Tower was the site of some of the first public works murals executed under thePublic Works Administration, later known as the WPA. "The primitive nature of Coit Tower would lend itself better to that sort of thing than other public buildings," was Arthur Brown's first reaction to the project.Diego Rivera included Brown among the designers and craftsmen in hisfresco mural ofThe Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City (1931).
InWashington, D.C., Brown designed theInterstate Commerce Commission Building, its near-twin theDepartment of Labor Building, and theAndrew W. Mellon Auditorium. All three form part of theFederal Triangle, the largest construction project undertaken by the US Federal government prior toThe Pentagon. Preliminary designs were begun in 1927, with construction in theDepression years between 1932 and 1934. The new buildings were to be designed to reflect the "dignity and power of the nation."
Brown's last works were primarily at UC Berkeley, where Brown served as campus planner and chief architect from 1936 to 1950. His principal buildings there include Sproul Hall, theBancroft Library,[8] and the Cyclotron Building,[9] commissioned by Ernest Lawrence andJ. Robert Oppenheimer.
Brown was elected aFellow in theAmerican Institute of Architects in 1930. Among the draftsmen in his office wasClarence W. W. Mayhew. In 1943, Brown was elected into theNational Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1953.[10]
In San Francisco unless otherwise noted:
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