Arnoldists were aProto-Protestant group in the 12th century, named afterArnold of Brescia,[1] an advocate of ecclesiastical reform who criticized the great wealth and possessions of theRoman Catholic Church,[2] while preaching againstinfant baptism andtransubstantiation.[3] His disciples were also called "Publicans" or "Poplecans", a name probably deriving fromPaulicians (the term "Publicani" would be generally used for any heretic, even a political traitor, throughout Europe).[4]
The Arnoldists were condemned as heretics byPope Lucius III inAd abolendam during theSynod of Verona in 1184.[5]
Arnoldists' tenets would later be addressed byBonacursus of Milan, c. 1190, in hisManifestatio haeresis Catharorum, which refuted Arnoldistapostolic poverty and the incapacity of sinful priests to administer the sacraments.[6]
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