| Wine region | |
 | |
| Official name | State of Arizona |
|---|---|
| Type | U.S. StateAppellation[1] |
| Year established | 1912 |
| Years of wine industry | 322[2] |
| Country | United States |
| Sub-regions | Sonoita AVA,Willcox AVA,Verde Valley AVA |
| Total area | 113,998 square miles (72,959,000 acres) |
| Grapes produced | Cabernet Franc,Cabernet Sauvignon,Chardonnay,Concord,Counoise,Gewürztraminer,Graciano,Grenache,Malvasia,Merlot,Mourvèdre,Muscat Canelli,Nebbiolo,Petit Verdot,Petite Sirah,Pinot gris,Pinot noir,Riesling,Sangiovese,Sauvignon blanc,Syrah,Viognier,Zinfandel[1] |
| No. of wineries | over 130[3] |
Arizona wine refers towine made fromgrapes grown in theU.S. state appellation ofArizona. There are three viticultural regions of vineyards and wineries in Arizona:[4]
Most vineyards in Arizona are located in the southeastern portion of the state south and east of Tucson, which is also the location of two of Arizona's establishedAmerican Viticultural Area (AVA),Sonoita (est. 1985) andWillcox (est. 2016).[5] Arizona's third AVA,Verde Valley, was established in 2021 and located inYavapai County in central Arizona.[6] Arizona has enjoyed success with wine made from the grapevarieties native toItaly and theRhône Valley ofsouthern France.[1]
It is not clear when viticulture and winemaking first began in Arizona. In 1703, the famous Jesuit missionary and explorerEusebio Francisco Kino reported growing grapes and making wine forMass at hisMission Dolores in nearbySonora.[2] However, historic records suggest there was very little winemaking in Arizona itself during theSpanish period since many of themissions and settlements were not in good winegrowing locations.[7]
During the territorial period, farmers in theSalt River Valley around Phoenix began making wine in the mid-1870s and a small winemaking industry eventually emerged in nearby Mesa during the 1880s. In northern Arizona, Henry Schuerman established a farm and orchard along Oak Creek in the Verde Valley and later planted a large vineyard to make wine for the nearby mining camp ofJerome. As with many areas in the United States, vineyards and wineries were prevalent in Arizona and the Verde Valley prior to Prohibition. Arizona enactedProhibition in 1914, five years before the Federal Government passed theVolstead Act. It was illegal to make wine in Arizona from 1914 until new legislation was passed in 1982 legalizing it again.[7]
Starting in the mid-1970s, Dr. Gordon Dutt, a soil scientist at theUniversity of Arizona, conducted experiments that demonstrated that parts of Arizona could produce quality wine grapes.[8] Dutt went on to found Vina Sonoita Vineyards – the first modern commercial wine vineyard in Arizona. In 1980, Navy veteran Robert Webb opened the R. W. Webb Winery in Tucson and later established a vineyard south of Willcox. Other pioneering Arizona winemakers during the 1980s and 1990s included William Staltari, Tino Ocheltree, Al Buhl, and Kent Callaghan.[7]
There now are over 130 wineries, vineyards and cellars throughout Arizona, including in the cities of Phoenix and Tucson.[3]
The wineries, vineyards and cellars are supported by three state and regional organizations: theArizona Wine Growers Association (AWGA), a non-profit educating and promoting the state's wine industry,Willcox Wine Country, a non-profit dedicated to increasing viability of wineries and vineyards in the southeast portion of Arizona, and by theArizona Vignerons Alliance (AZVA), a non-profit organization collecting data on all Arizona wine-growing regions, ensuring authenticity of Arizona wine and working to promote Arizona wine as recognized, respected and sought after in Arizona, nationally and internationally.[9] AWGA supports the wine industry through promotional events, state awards to the best wines in Arizona and industry lobbying efforts at the local, state and national level. AZVA establishes parameters for growing grapes and producing wines in Arizona; verifies, certifies and promotes 100% Arizona wine; collects, evaluates and shares Arizona viniculture data; holds the annual AZVA Symposium and Wine tasting and participates in existing regional and international events to raise national and global awareness of Arizona wine; and promotes truth in labeling by giving the consumer and wine professional accurate information based on a data-driven and fact-based approach to wine labeling.
Within Verde Valley, the accredited educational institution,Yavapai College offers classes and degrees in bothviticulture andenology. The college features a commercial, licensed and bonded winery, vineyard and tasting room, collectively known as theSouthwest Wine Center providing education, experience and training for the Arizona wine industry.[10]
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