The nameArecibo comes fromArasibo, theTaíno cacique of theyucayeque "settlement" of Abacoa, where theSpanish town of Arecibo was established in 1556. The wordArasibo itself most likely comes from theTaíno wordsara, possibly meaning or related to "people", andsiba, most likely meaning "rock" or "stone". This name also lends itself to theriver which flows through the municipality into theAtlantic Ocean.[5]
Some of the city's nicknames areVilla del Capitán Correa ("Villa of Captain Correa"), afterAntonio de los Reyes Correa, a Spanish soldier who famously and successfully defended the city from a British invasion;La Muy Leal ("the very loyal"), after a title often granted to Spanish colonial cities; andDiamante del Norte ("Diamond of the North"), due to the city's location on the northern coast of the island.[6]
When theSpanish arrived, they found the area occupied by the indigenousTaíno, led by XamaicaArasibo,Cacique (chief) of theyucayeque (town) then named Abacoa.[7][8] Spanish colonists settled Arecibo in 1556, which they named for the cacique. It was their fourth settlement on the island, afterCaparra (which later becameSan Juan),San German, andCoamo.[9] Arecibo was officially founded as a town[10] by the Spanish crown on May 1, 1616, under the governorship of CaptainFelipe de Beaumont y Navarra, when theKing of Spain granted the land (and theTaino living there) to Lope Conchillos.[7]
For some time the island was competed for by other European powers. On August 5, 1702, CaptainAntonio de los Reyes Correa, commanding 30 militiamen, successfully defended Arecibo from an attack by twoRoyal Navy warships underWilliam Whetstone. Whetstone's ships landed 40marines and sailors on two rowboats, but Correa's troops ambushed the invaders, killing 22 and forcing the remainder to retreat. Spanish cannon fire also killed 8 men onboard Whetstone's ships. The Spanish defenders suffered one killed and three wounded, including Correa. This gave the city its nickname "The Village of Captain Correa".
In 1778, Arecibo, by royal decree, was awarded the "Villa" status, though it was not integrated as such until 1802. In 1850 it was awarded the "Muy Leal" (very loyal) title.[11] Over time, large part of its territory became separate municipalities. These includeManati,Barceloneta,Florida,Utuado,Jayuya,Hatillo,Camuy,Quebradillas andIsabela. In 1982, it was promoted to city status, though it continued to be known by its previous nickname.
Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017, triggered extensive flooding, and damage to infrastructure with over 3,000 people losing their homes. Two hospitals were damaged and the hurricane causeddeaths as well.[12]
Arecibo is located in the Northern Coastal Plain region of Puerto Rico, extending inland into theNorthern Karst Belt. It lies on theAtlantic Ocean north ofUtuado, east ofHatillo, and west ofBarceloneta andFlorida. The city occupies an area of 127 square miles (330 km2), of which, 45.23 sq mi (117.1 km2), is water.[13][14]
TheRío Grande de Arecibo is the main river in the municipality, running through the middle of it. South of the municipality, in thekarst region, it forms theDos Bocas Lake, a primary source of water for northern Puerto Rico. Several rivers feed the Río Grande, including theTanamá River. Caño Santiago is an artificial canal created in the 19th century by partially diverting the Tanama River's waters tobarrios a small temporary stream, to supply water to poor neighborhoods in Arecibo, discharging into the Arecibo River near its mouth. In the 1950s it was modified to pass slightly more south of the city center. Poor maintenance, sediment and pollution has again turned the canal into a temporary stream. East of the river liesCaño Tiburones, a vital marshland area providing habitat for many birds and wildlife.
Arecibo has two forest reserves.Cambalache Forest Reserve is located along Barceloneta's municipal limits whileRío Abajo State Forest is located between Arecibo and Utuado. Caves includeCueva Ventana, which overlooks the valley formed by the Rio Grande de Arecibo, andCueva del Indio (Cave of the Indian), where paintings made by prehistoricindigenous peoples have been seen.
Environmental impact studies have been done to consider remedies forflooding that often occurs in Arecibo.[15]
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Arecibo is subdivided intobarrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as"el pueblo", near the center of the municipality.[16][17]
Barrios (which for US census purposes, are likeminor civil divisions)[18] in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units calledsectores (sectors in English). The types ofsectores may vary, from normallysector tourbanización toreparto tobarriada toresidencial, among others.[19][20][21]
Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount ofsocial exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Arecibo:Animas – Factor 1, Sector Los Muertos in Arrozal, Sector El Jobo in Rio Arriba, Sector El Valle in Rio Arriba, Buenos Aires (Magallanes), Calichoza, Canta Gallo, Carreras, Cruz Roja, El Cerro – Factor 1, Abra San Francisco, El Vigía, Esperanza (Cienagueta), La Planta, Palo Blanco, andSector Carolina in Sabana Hoyos.[22]
Tropical monsoon climate, occasionally also known as a tropical wet climate or tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate in climate classification, is a relatively rare type of climate. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Am". (Tropical Monsoon Climate).[23]
Cathedral of Saint Phillip Apostle in Arecibo barrio-pueblo
Arecibo is one of the oldestcolonial towns inPuerto Rico (1616). Among its historic buildings is theCathedral of Saint Philip the Apostle, built beginning in the late 18th century. The first church, built in the middle of the 17th century, was destroyed by anearthquake in 1787. Construction of its replacement began soon after, although it was not completed until 1846. Four days after its dedication, another earthquake seriously damaged it. Repairs were not completed until 1882. The1918 earthquake damaged the vault so badly that it was replaced by a flat concrete roof; a vaulted ceiling of composition board was placed inside.
The cathedral of Arecibo is Puerto Rico's second-largest church after theCathedral of San Juan. The plan is rectangular with threenaves; the side naves are cut short to allow large flanking chapels, which occupy almost half the length of the church. Theapse is semicircular, and has an unusual half-dome covering it. The facade is a triangular composition of three stages. The top stage, a short central tower, is a later addition, according to local architects and historians.Neoclassic ornamentation is used in an academic fashion on the lowest stage, but the other two show a less traditional use of bands andpilasters. The Renaissance-style windows are uncommon in Puerto Rican churches, but the central tower over the entrance is a common motif used throughout the island.
Arecibo City Hall
TheCity Hall, built in 1866, served as jail to revolutionaries ofEl Grito de Lares in 1868. In the 1918 earthquake, the frontal section of the building was destroyed. When repairs were made, a tower and clock were added to the building. In 1978, the building was restored to its original form.
The City Hall of Arecibo is typical of these regional seats of government. It is relatively modest in size, of stuccoed masonry, with an academically correct composition, having a pedimented center pavilion which projects slightly. The lower story is rusticated, with arched openings; the three doorways in the center giving the effect of aloggia. The upper windows all have segmental pediments and balconies; the central trio share one long balcony. Architectural detailing is modest, but the building is graceful and charming.
In 1898 theSpaniards built thePunta Los Morrillos Lighthouse. It was automated in 1964 and is still in use. A small park, Arecibo Lighthouse and Historical Park, has been established around it.
TheArecibo Observatory was the home ofArecibo telescope, once the largest single-aperture radio telescope ever constructed and one of the world's most powerful radar-radio telescopes. The observatory's purpose was to support scientific studies. It attracted severalHollywood directors who have filmed there; most recentlyGoldenEye andContact. The radio telescope was used in 1974 to send theArecibo message to space. The telescope collapsed in 2020.Casa Ulanga was originally a residence built by Spanish immigrant Francisco Ulanga, and has served multiple uses over the years. It was used as a bank, store, city hall of Arecibo, hospital, jail, tribunal, and is now operated as the Arecibo Cultural Center.
Dos Bocas Lake which is a reservoir located between the municipalities of Arecibo andUtuado.
Paseo Victor Rojas (Victor Rojas Walk) also known asPaseo de Damas or simplyEl Fuerte, was built in 1881 where the Fort San Miguel's ruins once were
Manuel "Petaca" Iguina Coliseum which is home of theArecibo Captains basketball team.
Museum of Art and History of Arecibo
Museum of Art and History of Arecibo which has art from local artists and shows the city's history
Arecibo beaches include Los Morillos, Los Negritos, Poza del Obispo, and Las Tunas.Pozo del Obispo Beach in Arecibo is considered a dangerous beach.[32]
To stimulate local tourism during theCOVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico, thePuerto Rico Tourism Company launched theVoy Turistiendo (I'm Touring) campaign in 2021. The campaign featured a passport book with a page for each municipality. TheVoy Turisteando Arecibo passport page listsCueva Ventana,Museo Casa Trina Padilla de Sanz, and the Arecibo Light House and Historical Park, as places of interest.[33]
Arecibo began celebrating its patron saint festival in 1616.[34] Arecibo celebrates itspatron saint festival in May. TheFiestas Patronales de San Felipe Apostol is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.[14][35]
Other festivals and events celebrated in Arecibo include:
Bicycle competition – January
Festival de Paracaidismo (Parachuting festival) – February[36]
The Lobos won the 1983 then-known Liga de Béisbol Profesional de Puerto Rico (LBPPR) national baseball championship and the 1983Caribbean World Series, the only time the franchise won both titles. At that time, they hadMLB prospectDickie Thon, then also of theHouston Astros, on their roster. Thon then suffered a life-threatening and career-affecting eye injury during an Astros game in 1984. The Lobos won a championship again in 1996.
The Capitanes won their first ever BSN national championship in 1959. After that, the Capitanes have not had much luck in their basketball tournaments for the next few decades. However, that would begin to change in 2002, as they started to turn things around, by reaching the BSN semifinals; yet they lost the series to theVaqueros de Bayamón by losing four straight games, after having a 3–0 series lead, thus failing their chances to make into the finals. In 2005, the Capitanes won the BSN national championship by defeating the Vaqueros de Bayamón in a four-game sweep. This was the first championship in 46 years. In 2007 they got to the finals, losing in the overtime on the seventh game of the series against theCangrejeros de Santurce. In 2008 Arecibo won their third BSN national championship, this time against theGigantes de Carolina. In 2010, they won their fourth BSN national title in six seasons, this time against the Vaqueros de Bayamón.
Arecibo's economy is diverse with pharmaceuticals, agriculture and fishing.[14]Vaqueria Ceiba Del Mar is located in Arecibo and is one of the largest on the island of Puerto Rico. They also have operations inHatillo. AfterHurricane Maria, the farm had to consolidate their three operations into one.
Arecibo is home to Fortune 500 corporations such asMerck,General Electric. Other important companies are Thermo King Corporation, Eaton, Los Cidrines, Expressway Eco Printing, Arecibo Tropical Flag and ABB.
According to the 2010 Census the municipality of Arecibo is 99%Hispanic of which 78% identifies as white (ofEuropean descent), 4.6% black (Afro-Puerto Rican descent), and 1.2% with two or more races.[47] The majority of the population is mostly ofSpanish descent, but there has been intermarriage with more recent groups from other parts of Europe, with some having Middle Eastern,French, Italian, American or of other descent. People who are multi-racial may also have ancestors more than one of the European groups, and among more than one African nation as well.
Puerto Rico was ceded bySpain in the aftermath of theSpanish–American War under the terms of theTreaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States conducted its firstcensus of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Arecibo was 36,910.
Themunicipio has an official flag and coat of arms.[49] The flag and coat of arms were adopted in 1968 with Resolution 12 passed by the government of Arecibo.[50][51]
The flag ofArecibo derives its composition and colors from the coat of arms of the city. It is divided vertically in two equal parts. The left side is blue having a belt that stands for "Captain Correa", a local military hero from Spanish times. The right side is made up of blue and yellow diamonds alternating in a checkerboard pattern referring to the coat of arms of Felipe de Beaumont y Navarra, governor ofPuerto Rico (1614–1620) and founder of the city. The crown represents The Cacique (chieftain) Arasibo (Fransico Jamaica Arasibo). The turtles represent the ancientness of the city (the third city of Puerto Rico) also because of the indigenous people of the region and that the hunting of turtles was a source of wealth. The towers were a form to describe the population of a settlement. Three towers represent a municipality, four towers represent a village, and five towers represent a city.[7][52]
1901 map of Puerto Rico by The Smithsonian, which shows cacique chieftains, including (#5) the area of Arecibo managed by Chief Arasibo
The shield is divided by diagonal lines in golden and blue rhombuses with a blue stripe in the superior part, in which resides an opened five-point crown and which is adorned with drawings characterizing the art of the Taínos. The people of Arecibo also honored CaptainAntonio de los Reyes Correa by including a gold colored belt in their coat of arms with the words "Muy Leal", which means "Very Faithful", in representation of Correa.[53] This combination of symbols represents the IndianCacique (Chieftain) from whom the population's name derives, the governor that erected the town and the hero Captain Correa who defended the town from a British invasion.[7]
Arecibo is known as"La Villa del Capitán Correa" (Captain Correa's Villa) after the Puerto Rican heroCaptainAntonio de los Reyes Correa of the Spanish Army, who drove off aBritish Navy invasion by ambushing forces led by rear-admiralWilliam Whetstone. Arecibo is also known as"El Diamante Del Norte" (The Diamond of the North).
ThePuente Victor Rojas collapsed duringHurricane Georges in 1998 but was rebuilt.[55] Despite it being an important bridge leading into the urban downtown center of Arecibo, it was closed again in early 2017 due to damage caused by the sea and reopened in 2021 after repairs.[56][57]
The first school in Arecibo was established on October 12, 1805.[11]
Today, Arecibo is home to several public and private schools distributed through its barrios. Public education is handled by the State Department of Education. There are also several colleges and universities located in the city including:
^Salvador Perea.Historia de Puerto Rico: 1537–1700. Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña and Universidad Católica de Puerto Rico. 1972. p. 96. ("Coamo...que fue así la tercera población oficial de vida perpetua en la isla.")
^Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014),El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón,ISBN978-0-9820806-1-0
^"Leyes del 2001".Lex Juris Puerto Rico (in Spanish). RetrievedJune 24, 2020.
^Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014),El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997–2004 (Primera edición ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, p. 273,ISBN978-0-9820806-1-0
^Beascoechea Lota, Roberto (April 29, 1968). "Flag and coat of arms of Arecibo, Puerto Rico" (in Spanish). Letter to Institute of Puerto Rican Culture.
^Rodriguez, Enrique (May 8, 1968). "Copy of Resolution Number 12 of the Arecibo, Puerto Rico for the adoption of the flag and coat of arms" (in Spanish). Letter to Roberto Beascoechea Lota.
^"ARECIBO".LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). February 19, 2020.Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 16, 2020.
^"Arecibo".Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. RetrievedNovember 23, 2009.
^"Arecibo Bridges".National Bridge Inventory Data. US Dept. of Transportation.Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. RetrievedFebruary 19, 2019.