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Ardo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
8th-century king of the Visigoths
For the given name, seeArdo (given name).
Ardo
King of the Visigoths
Reign713/714 – 720/721
PredecessorAchila II
SuccessorTitle abolished
Died720/721

Ardo (orArdonus, possibly short forArdabastus; died 720/721) is the last attestedking of the Visigoths, reigning from 713 or 714 until his death in 720 or 721.[1][2][3] TheVisigothic Kingdom was already severely reduced in power and area at the time he succeededAchila II, and his dominions probably did not extend beyondSeptimania and present-dayCatalonia, due to theArab conquests of the previous three years.

Ardo is only recorded in one Visigothic regnal list as reigning for seven years.[4][5] As of 716 the Arabs crossed over thePyrenees and invadedNarbonensis, the last province under Gothic control.[4] Over the next three years Ardo probably defended what remained of the Visigothic kingdom and he "may have gone down fighting like his predecessor" after the Arabs tookNarbonne and before they conquered all that remained of the old kingdom.[4][6]

If Ardo is to be identified with Ardobastus, then he survived the invasion and negotiated a treaty, wherein he representedChristians as the Count of the Christians of al-Andalus.[7] This title would pass to a number of individuals until the tenth century at least. Other counts included: Rabî’ ibn Theodulph,[8]: 281–294  Abû Sa’îd al-Qûmis, (a descendant of Ardabastus)[9] and Mu’âwiya ibn Lubb.[10]

Notes

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  1. ^Collins, Roger (1989).The Arab Conquest of Spain: 710 - 797. John Wiley & Sons. p. 45.ISBN 978-0-631-19405-7.
  2. ^Jones, Dan (2021).Powers and Thrones: A New History of the Middle Ages. Bloomsbury Publishing.ISBN 978-1-78954-355-1.
  3. ^Collins, Roger (2004).Visigothic Spain 409 - 711. John Wiley & Sons. p. 140.ISBN 978-0-470-75456-6.
  4. ^abcCollins,Visigothic Spain, 140.
  5. ^Thompson, 251, says he is otherwise unknown.
  6. ^Collins,The Arab Conquest of Spain, 45.
  7. ^Simonet, Francisco Javier. "Historia de los mozárabes de España (rééd.)." (1983). vol. 4, p. 197, p. 247.
  8. ^Vallvé, Joaquín. "The zalmedina of Córdoba." Al-Qantara 2.1 (1981), pp. 277-318.
  9. ^AL-QÛTIYYA, I. B. N. "Tarij iftitâh al-Andalus (Historia de la Conquista de España), texto árabe impreso por P. de Gayangos en la Colección de Crónicas Árabes de la Real Academia de la Historia, T. II (Madrid 1868)." Una edición posterior: Historia de la conquista de España de Abenalcotia el Cordobés, trad. castellana de J. Ribera, Madrid (1926). p. 31.
  10. ^Molénat, Jean Pierre. "Minorités in miroir. Mozarabes et mudéjars dans la Péninsule Ibérique médiévale." Ethnic-religious minorities in the Iberian Peninsula: Medieval and modern period . Edições Colibri, 2008.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Thompson, E. A.The Goths in Spain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
  • Collins, Roger.The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–97. Blackwell Publishing, 1989.
  • Collins, Roger.Visigothic Spain, 409–711. Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
  • Història de Catalunya. Barcelona: El Periodico, 1992.
Regnal titles
Preceded byKing of the Visigoths
714–720
defunct
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