The Earl of Rosebery | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Lord Rosebery in 1909 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 5 March 1894 – 22 June 1895 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | Victoria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | William Ewart Gladstone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | The Marquess of Salisbury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leader of the Opposition | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 22 June 1895 – 6 October 1896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | The Marquess of Salisbury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | The Marquess of Salisbury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Sir William Harcourt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Member of the House of Lords | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hereditary peerage 7 May 1868 – 21 May 1929 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | The 4th Earl of Rosebery | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | The 6th Earl of Rosebery | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Archibald Philip Primrose (1847-05-07)7 May 1847 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 21 May 1929(1929-05-21) (aged 82) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Resting place | Dalmeny Parish Church,Edinburgh, Scotland | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Liberal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Signature |  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian (7 May 1847 – 21 May 1929), was a BritishLiberal Party politician who served asPrime Minister of the United Kingdom from March 1894 to June 1895. Between the death of his father in 1851, and the death of his grandfather, the4th Earl of Rosebery, in 1868, he was known by thecourtesy title ofLord Dalmeny.
Rosebery first came to national attention in 1879 by sponsoring the successfulMidlothian campaign ofWilliam Ewart Gladstone. His most successful performance in office came as chairman of theLondon County Council in 1889. He entered the Cabinet in 1885 and was twiceForeign Secretary, paying special attention to French and German affairs. He succeeded Gladstone as prime minister and leader of the Liberal Party in 1894; the Liberals lost the1895 election. He resigned the party leadership in 1896 and never again held political office.
Rosebery was widely known as a brilliantorator, an outstanding sportsman and marksman, a writer and historian, connoisseur and collector. All of these activities attracted him more than politics, which grew boring and unattractive. Furthermore, he drifted to the right of the Liberal party and became a bitter critic of its policies.Winston Churchill, observing that he never adapted to democratic electoral competition, quipped: "He would not stoop; he did not conquer."[1]
Rosebery was aLiberal Imperialist who favoured strong national defence and imperialism abroad and social reform at home, while being solidlyanti-socialist. Historians judge him a failure as foreign minister[2] and as prime minister.[3][4]
Archibald Philip Primrose was born on 7 May 1847 in his parents' house inCharles Street, Mayfair, London.[5] His father wasArchibald Primrose, Lord Dalmeny (1809–1851), son andheir apparent toArchibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery (1783–1868), whom he predeceased. Lord Dalmeny was a courtesy title used by the Earl's eldest son and heir apparent, during the Earl's lifetime, and was one of the Earl's lesserScottish titles. Lord Dalmeny (died 1851) was MP forStirling from 1832 to 1847 and served asFirst Lord of the Admiralty underLord Melbourne.[6]
Rosebery's mother was Lady(Catherine Lucy) Wilhelmina Stanhope (1819–1901), a historian who later wrote under her second married name "the Duchess of Cleveland", a daughter ofPhilip Stanhope, 4th Earl Stanhope. Lord Dalmeny died on 23 January 1851, having predeceased his father, when thecourtesy title passed to his son, the future Rosebery, as the new heir to the earldom.[7] In 1854 his mother remarried to Lord Harry Vane (later after 1864 known asHarry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland).[8] The relationship between mother and son was very poor. His elder and favourite sister Lady Leconfield was the wife ofHenry Wyndham, 2nd Baron Leconfield.[9]
Dalmeny attended Bayford House school inHertfordshire,[10] a school in Brighton run by Mr Lee,[11] and thenEton College (1860–65).[12][10] At Eton, he formed a close attachment to his tutorWilliam Johnson Cory: they visitedRome together in 1864, and maintained correspondence for years afterwards.[13] Dalmeny proceeded toChrist Church, Oxford, matriculating in January 1866.[14] During his time at Oxford he was a member of theBullingdon Club.[15] He left Oxford in 1868:[16] Dalmeny bought a horse named Ladas, although a rule bannedundergraduates from owning horses.[17] When he was found out, he was offered a choice: to sell the horse or to give up his studies. He chose the latter, and subsequently was a prominent figure in British horseracing for 40 years.[18]
The three Prime Ministers from 1880 to 1902, namelyGladstone,Salisbury and Rosebery, all attended both Eton and Christ Church. Rosebery toured the United States in 1873, 1874 and 1876. He was pressed to marryMarie Fox, the sixteen-year-old adopted daughter ofHenry Fox, 4th Baron Holland. She declined him because she was unwilling to renounceRoman Catholicism.[19]
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When his grandfather died in 1868, Dalmeny became 5thEarl of Rosebery. The earldom did not of itself entitle Archibald Primrose to sit in theHouse of Lords. The title is part of the oldPeerage of Scotland, from which 16 members (Scottish representative peers) were elected to sit in the Lords for each session of Parliament. However, in 1828, Rosebery's grandfather had been created 1stBaron Rosebery in thePeerage of the United Kingdom, which did entitle Rosebery to sit in the Lords like all peers of the United Kingdom, and barred him from a career in theHouse of Commons.[20]
Rosebery inherited his title fromhis grandfather in 1868, aged 21, together with an income of £30,000 a year (equivalent to £3.41 million in present-day terms[21]). He owned 40,000 acres (160 km2) inScotland, and land inNorfolk, Hertfordshire, andKent.[22]
Rosebery is reputed to have said that he had three aims in life: to winthe Derby, to marry an heiress, and to becomePrime Minister.[23] He managed all three.
At Eton, Rosebery notably attackedCharles I of England for hisdespotism, and went on to praise hisWhig forebears – his ancestor,James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope, was a minister toGeorge I of Great Britain.Benjamin Disraeli often met with Rosebery in the 1870s to try to recruit him for his party, but this proved futile. Disraeli's major rival,William Ewart Gladstone, also pursued Rosebery, with considerable success.
As part of the Liberal plan to get Gladstone to be MP forMidlothian, Rosebery sponsored and largely ran theMidlothian Campaign of 1879. He based this on what he had observed inelections in the United States. Gladstone spoke from open-deck trains, and gathered mass support. In 1880, he was duly elected Member for Midlothian and returned to the premiership.[24][25]
Rosebery served as Foreign Secretary in Gladstone's brief third ministry in 1886. He served as the first chairman of the London County Council, set up by the Conservatives in 1889. Rosebery Avenue in Clerkenwell is named after him.[26][27] He served asPresident of the first day of the 1890Co-operative Congress.[28]
In 1892 he was appointed aKnight of the Order of the Garter. Rosebery's second period as Foreign Secretary, 1892–1894, predominantly involved quarrels with France overUganda. To quote his heroNapoleon, Rosebery thought that "the Master of Egypt is the Master of India"; thus he pursued the policy of expansion in Africa. He helped Gladstone's Second Home Rule Bill in the House of Lords; nevertheless it was defeated overwhelmingly in the autumn of 1893.[29] The first bill had been defeated in the House of Commons in 1886.[30]
Rosebery became a leader of the Liberal Imperialist faction of the Liberal Party and when Gladstone retired, in 1894, Rosebery succeeded him as Prime Minister, much to the disgust of SirWilliam Harcourt, theChancellor of the Exchequer and leader of the more left-wing Liberals. Rosebery's selection was largely becauseQueen Victoria disliked most of the other leading Liberals. Rosebery was in theHouse of Lords, but Harcourt controlled theHouse of Commons, where he often undercut the prime minister.[31]
Rosebery's government was largely unsuccessful, as in theArmenian crisis of 1895–96. He spoke out for a strongly pro-Armenian andanti-Turkish policy.[32] Gladstone, a prime minister in retirement, called on Britain to intervene alone. The added pressure weakened Rosebery.[33]
His designs in foreign policy, such as an expansion of the fleet, were defeated by disagreements within the Liberal Party. He angered all the European powers.[34]
The Unionist-dominated House of Lords stopped the whole of the Liberals' domestic legislation. The strongest figure in the cabinet was Rosebery's rival, Harcourt. He and his sonLewis were perennial critics of Rosebery's policies. There were two future prime ministers in the Cabinet,Home SecretaryH. H. Asquith, andSecretary of State for WarHenry Campbell-Bannerman. Rosebery rapidly lost interest in running the government. In the last year of his premiership, he was increasingly haggard: he sufferedinsomnia due to the continual dissension in his Cabinet.[35]
On 21 June 1895, the governmentlost a vote in committee on army supply by just seven votes. While this might have been treated merely as a vote of no confidence in Secretary for War Campbell-Bannerman, Rosebery chose to treat it as a vote of censure on his government. On 22 June, he and his ministers tendered their resignations to the Queen, who invited the Unionist leader,Lord Salisbury, to form a government. The following month, the Unionists won a crushing victory in the1895 general election, and held power for ten years (1895–1905) under Salisbury andArthur Balfour. Rosebery remained the Liberal leader for another year, then permanently retired from politics.
Rosebery resigned as leader of the Liberal Party on 6 October 1896, to be succeeded by William Harcourt and gradually moved further and further from the mainstream of the party. With the Liberals in opposition divided over theBoer War which started in 1899, Rosebery, although officially politically inactive, emerged as the head of the "Liberal Imperialists" faction of the party, opposed to IrishHome rule. He supported the war, and brought along many nonconformists likewise.[36][37] However the war was opposed by a younger faction of Liberals, includingDavid Lloyd George and the party leaderSir Henry Campbell-Bannerman.[38]
Rosebery's acolytes, includingH. H. Asquith andEdward Grey, regularly implored him to return as party leader and even Campbell-Bannerman said he would serve under Rosebery, if he accepted fundamental Liberal party doctrine.[39] In a much trailed speech to the Chesterfield Liberal Association in December 1901, Rosebery was widely expected to announce his return but instead delivered what Harcourt's son and private secretaryLewis described as "an insult to the whole past of the Liberal party", by telling the party to "clean its slate".[40][41] In 1902 Rosebery was installed as president of the newly formed "Liberal League" which superseded the Liberal Imperialist League and counted amongst its vice presidents Asquith and Grey.[42]
He wasHonorary Colonel of the1st Midlothian Artillery Volunteers from January 1903 until his death in 1929.[43]
Rosebery's positions made it impossible to join the Liberal government that returned to power in 1905. Rosebery turned to writing, including biographies ofLord Chatham,Pitt the Younger,Napoleon, andLord Randolph Churchill. Another one of his passionate interests was the collecting of rare books.
The last years of his political life saw Rosebery become a purely negative critic of the Liberal governments ofCampbell-Bannerman andAsquith. His crusade "for freedom as against bureaucracy, for freedom as against democratic tyranny, for freedom as against class legislation, and ... for freedom as against Socialism"[44] was a lonely one, conducted from the crossbenches in the Lords. He joined the die-hard unionist peers in attackingLloyd George's redistributivePeople's Budget in 1909 but stopped short of voting against the measure for fear of bringing retribution upon the Lords. The crisis provoked by the Lords' rejection of the budget encouraged him to reintroduce his resolutions for Lords reform, but they were lost with the dissolution of parliament in December 1910.
After assaulting the "ill-judged, revolutionary and partisan" terms of the1911 Parliament Bill,[45] which proposed to curb the Lords' veto, he voted with the government in what proved to be his last appearance in the House of Lords. This was effectively the end of his public life, though he made several public appearances to support thewar effort after 1914 and sponsored a "bantam battalion" in 1915. Though Lloyd George offered him "a high post not involving departmental labour" to augment his 1916 coalition, Rosebery declined to serve.[46]
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On 20 March 1878, 31-year-old Rosebery married 27-year-oldHannah de Rothschild (1851–1890), only child and sole heiress of the Jewish bankerMayer Amschel de Rothschild, and the wealthiest British heiress of her day. Her father had died four years previously in 1874, and bequeathed to her the bulk of his estate. The wedding was held (registered) at the office of theBoard of Guardians inMount Street, London. Later the same day, the marriage was blessed at a Christian ceremony in Christ Church, Down Street,Piccadilly.The Prince of Wales and the Queen's cousin, the army commanderPrince George, Duke of Cambridge, were among the guests who attended the ceremony.[47]
The marriage was a happy one. In January 1878, Rosebery had told a friend that he found Hannah "very simple, very unspoilt, very clever, very warm-hearted and very shy ... I never knew such a beautiful character." Hannah's death in 1890 fromtyphoid, compounded byBright's disease, left him distraught.
More than a decade after his wife's death, in July 1901, it was speculated that Rosebery intended to marry the widowedPrincess Helena, Duchess of Albany, widow ofPrince Leopold, Duke of Albany, youngest son ofQueen Victoria.[48] Princess Helena was also the sister ofQueen Emma of the Netherlands. However, Rosebery never remarried.
By his wife Hannah de Rothschild, Rosebery had two sons and two daughters, with whom, according toMargot Asquith, he loved to play:
Throughout his life, it was rumoured that Rosebery washomosexual orbisexual. He was a notoriousmisogynist, and liked to surround himself with younger men.[51]
As a student at Eton, beyond his close relationship with his tutor,William Johnson Cory, he likely had feelings for at least one fellow student, Frederick Vyner. He was devastated by Vyner'smurder at the hands of Greek brigands in 1870, keeping the anniversary sacred for the rest of his life.[52]
LikeOscar Wilde, he was hounded byJohn Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry for his association withFrancis Douglas, Viscount Drumlanrig, Queensberry's first born son[53] – who had become his private secretary in 1892 when Rosebery became Foreign Secretary. A few months later he arranged for Drumlanrig, who was 26 at the time, to be made a junior member of the government with a seat in the House of Lords.[54]
During the preliminary hearing of the case against Wilde, a letter from Queensberry was produced referring to him as 'a damned cur and coward of the Rosebery type'.[55]
On 18 October 1894, sixteen months after his ennoblement, Drumlanrig died from injuries received during a shooting party. The inquest returned a verdict of "accidental death", but his death was rumoured potentially to be suicide or murder.[56] It was speculated at the time[57] that Drumlanrig may have had a romantic, if not sexual, relationship with Rosebery.
The suggestion was that Queensberry had threatened to expose the Prime Minister if his government did not vigorously prosecute Wilde for the latter's relationship with Drumlanrig's younger brother,Lord Alfred Douglas. Queensberry believed, as he put it in a letter, that "Snob Queers like Rosebery" had corrupted his sons, and he held Rosebery indirectly responsible for Drumlanrig's death.[58] He claimed to have evidence of Rosebery's transgressions but that was never confirmed.[59]
Using a minor defeat in Parliament that did not warrant such action, Rosebery resigned from the Premiership on 22 June 1895. This was a few months after the death of Drumlanrig and not quite a month after Wilde was convicted on 25 May, his life and reputation destroyed by a man who was also pursuing Rosebery for the same reason he was after Wilde. In August 1893, Queensberry had followed Rosebery to the spa town ofBad Homburg with the declared intention of giving him a horse-whipping, and had to be dissuaded by the Prince of Wales who was also staying there.[54]
In his recollections, Rosebery wrote: "I cannot forget 1895. To lie awake night after night, wide awake, hopeless of sleep, tormented of nerves, and to realise all that was going on, at which I was present, so to speak, like a disembodied spirit, to watch one's own corpse, as it were day after day, is an experience which no sane man would repeat."[55]
Sir Edmund Backhouse wrote in his unpublished memoirs that he had been one of Rosebery's lovers – although it has been suggested that many of Backhouse's claims were dubiously made.[60]
Robert Rhodes James, who wrote a biography of Rosebery in 1963 (when homosexuality was still illegal in Britain), makes no mention of homosexual relationships at all, while forLeo McKinstry, who was writing in 2005, the evidence that Rosebery was homosexual is circumstantial.Michael Bloch, in 2015, has, however, no doubt that Rosebery was at least romantically interested in men, making him one of the four figures presented in the first chapter of his book on homosexual and bisexual British politicians of the 20th century. In his view, any remaining evidence (of which he gives a long list) can only be circumstantial in any case, considering Rosebery's paranoid taste for secrecy.[61]
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The last year of the war was clouded by two personal tragedies: his sonNeil's death in Palestine in November 1917 and Rosebery's ownstroke a few days before thearmistice. He regained his mental powers, but his movement, hearing, and sight remained impaired for the rest of his life. His sister Constance described his last years as a "life of weariness, of total inactivity, and at the last of almost blindness".John Buchan remembered him in his last month of life, "crushed by bodily weakness" and "sunk in sad and silent meditations".[62]
Rosebery died at hisEpsom, Surrey home of The Durdans on 21 May 1929, to the accompaniment, as he had requested, of a gramophone recording of the "Eton Boating Song". Survived by three of his four children, he was buried in the small church atDalmeny. By the time of his death, he was the lastVictorian-era British Prime Minister alive.
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As a result of his marriage to Hannah de Rothschild, Rosebery acquired theMentmore Towers estate and Mentmorestud nearLeighton Buzzard which had been built byMayer Amschel de Rothschild. Rosebery built another stable and stud near Mentmore Towers atCrafton, Buckinghamshire, calledCrafton Stud.
Rosebery won several of the fiveEnglish Classic Races. His most famous horses wereLadas who won the 1894Derby,Sir Visto who won it in 1895 (Rosebery was Prime Minister on both occasions), andCicero in 1905.
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Rosebery became the first president of theLondon Scottish Rugby Football Club in 1878, also developed a keen interest in association football and was an early patron of the sport in Scotland. In 1882 he donated a trophy, theRosebery Charity Cup, to be competed for by clubs under the jurisdiction of the East of Scotland Football Association. The competition lasted over sixty years and raised thousands of pounds for charities in theEdinburgh area.
Rosebery also became Honorary President of the nationalScottish Football Association, with the representativeScotland national team and Honorary President ofHeart of Midlothian. The national team occasionally forsook their traditional dark blue shirts for his traditional racing colours of primrose and pink. This occurred nine times during Rosebery's lifetime, most notably for the 1900British Home Championship match againstEngland, which the Scots won 4–1. These colours were used for the away kit of the Scotland national team in 2014[63][64] and were Heart of Midlothian's away colours for season 2016/17.
He was a keen collector of fine books and amassed an excellent library.[65] It was sold on 29 October 2009 atSotheby's, New Bond Street. Rosebery unveiled the statue ofRobert Burns inDumfries on 6 April 1882.[66]
Rosebery was the owner of twelve houses. By marriage, he acquired:
With his fortune, he bought:
As Earl of Rosebery, he was laird of:
He rented:
Rosebery's position in British politics was puzzling to contemporaries and historians due to the enigmatic nature of his private and public lives. He had an air of privileged detachment, which persisted throughout his brief stint in the political limelight and his significant years in the background. Although he was an orator and statesman in the mold of his original leader, Gladstone, his fifteen-month term as Liberal Prime Minister in 1894-5 was an unhappy spectacle. Lord Rosebery's failure to live up to his potential disappointed Liberals of all kinds. Journalists and biographers have criticized his lack of character and sense of failure, possibly influenced by his ScottishCalvinist upbringing. Despite his love for luxury and pleasure, his motives for leaving and returning to politics may not have been solely self-indulgent. He was known for his passion for racehorses, even ending his studies at Oxford to pursue them.[68]
TheOatlands area in the South Side ofGlasgow was laid out in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, contemporary with Rosebery's most prominent period. The area is much changed since it was originally laid out, but several of the original street names had an association with him or areas around his estate to the northwest of Edinburgh: Rosebery Street, Dalmeny Street, Queensferry Street, Granton Street and Cramond Street.[69]
In London,Rosebery Avenue, running betweenHolborn andClerkenwell, was named after him, in recognition of his service as theLondon County Council's first chairman.[70]
Rosebery, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, is named after him. A major street, Dalmeny Avenue, runs through the area.Rosebery, Tasmania is also named after him, via the name of a mining company.Dalmeny, New South Wales, a suburb on the New South WalesSouth Coast, is named after him. Roseberry Avenue in the suburb of South Perth,Western Australia, is also named after him. The former township of Rosebery in South Australia (now part of Collinswood) was named for him, as was modern-day Rosebery Lane in Collinswood.[71] Rosebery in the north west of Victoria, some 15 km south of Hopetoun is also named after him.
Rosebery House,Epsom College, in Epsom, is named after him.Rosebery School sits on an area of land given to the borough by Lord Rosebery.
In October 1895 Lord Rosebery opened the newLiberal Club on Westborough, inScarborough, only months after resigning asPrime Minister. The building now houses aWetherspoons, which is named in his honour.
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{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)ROSEBERY Avenue, off High Ridge Road, is named after Archibald Philip Primrose, 5"1 Earl of Rosebery who (...)
But Primrose Avenue is named after Archibald Philip Primrose, fifth Earl of Roserbery (1847–1929), who was primse minister of England in 1894–95.
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department 1881–1883 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | First Commissioner of Works 1885 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Lord Privy Seal 1885 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Foreign Secretary 1886 | Succeeded by |
| New office | Chairman of the London County Council 1889–1890 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chairman of the London County Council 1892 | Succeeded by John Hutton |
| Preceded by | Foreign Secretary 1892–1894 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 5 March 1894 – 22 June 1895 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Leader of the House of Lords 1894–1895 | |
| Lord President of the Council 1894–1895 | Succeeded by | |
| Preceded by | Leader of the Opposition 1895–1896 | Succeeded by |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Leader of the Liberal Party 1894–1896 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Leader of the Liberals in theHouse of Lords 1894–1896 | Succeeded by |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by | Lord Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire (West Lothian after 1921) 1873–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian 1884–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by | Rector of the University of Aberdeen 1878–1881 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Rector of the University of Edinburgh 1880–1883 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Rector of the University of Glasgow 1899–1902 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chancellor of the University of London 1902–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chancellor of the University of Glasgow 1908–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Rector of the University of St Andrews 1910–1913 | Succeeded by |
| Peerage of Scotland | ||
| Preceded by | Earl of Rosebery 1868–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| New creation | Earl of Midlothian 1911–1929 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Baron Rosebery 1868–1929 Member of theHouse of Lords (1868–1929) | |
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