Arbois is located some 40 km southwest ofBesançon and 30 km southeast ofDole. With a typicalRevermont landscape, the plain is mainly used for cropping of cereals on medium-sized plots of land. The lower slopes consist mainly of meadows surrounded by small hedges for dairy farming, with some vineyards located in the same area. The rest of the hills is occupied by small vineyards with a few scattered meadows. The top of the hills and the plateau are heavily forested.[citation needed]
Access to the commune is byRoute nationale N83 which comes fromMouchard in the north and passes through the town before continuing south toBuvilly. The D469 goes west from the village toMathenay and the D107 goes east toMesnay. The D14 goes north toVillers-Farlay and the D246 goes south toPupillin.[6]
The town is about 40 minutes drive from Dole (35 km), Besançon (48 km) andLons-le-Saunier (38 km). It takes about 2 hours to reachGeneva by car, and 1 hour 45 minutes to drive toLyon.
SNCF Arbois
The railway station is just north of the town and allTER Franche-Comté (Besançon-Lyon) trains serve this station. The nearestTGV station is at Mouchard on the Paris-Switzerland line.
Aerodrome
There is a small aerodrome in the north of the commune with theICAO code LFGD and a restricted use runway.
Arbois is traversed by theCuisance river and is part of Revermont since it lies at the foot of the Plateau of Lons-le-Saunier, the first plateau of the Jura.
Together withSalins-les-Bains andPoligny, it forms the "Heart of the Jura" Community of Communes (Communauté des communes Coeur du Jura).
This small, historic town often enjoys episodes of fine weather from March through to October. The presence of vineyards reflects this and the Loue and Doubs rivers are far enough away to limit the occurrence of fog in the winter. The influence of the small Cuisance river is low. The town does, however, receive generous amounts of precipitation throughout the year, totaling nearly 1,000 mm annually.[7] The climate is rather continental with cold winters and little snow but hot in summer.
The origin of the town of Arbois dates back to remote times, although specifications are difficult. It is certain, however, that its wines were known to the Romans.
Until 1260, Arbois was avilla or town without defences: it was surrounded by ramparts during the following ten years.
Arbois endured seven sieges when it was part of theDuchy of Burgundy, including sackings by Charles I of Amboise (in 1479 while he was governor of theCounty of Burgundy underLouis XI),Henry IV (when the town held out for three weeks against the King's 25,000 troops), andLouis XIV. A castle was built in 1270, some vestiges of which survived the dismantling thatLouis XIV ordered in 1678 following the conquest of Franche-Comté. There remain stretches of wall, pierced for archers, three round towers, and the square Gloriette tower.
When the republic was proclaimed atLyon on 13 April 1834, the town joined the revolt against the government, which promptly sent a small force of grenadiers, cavalry, and a battery of artillery to subdue it.
The Arbois symbol is the heraldic pelican which is called aPelican in her piety who is feeding her young from her beak. This is a Christian symbol and is accompanied by the motto of the city which isSic his quos diligo (So I do for those I love). The Arbois band, which plays during theBiou festival is calledLe Pelican in reference to this symbolic bird. There is also aGuggenmusik band calledBiou'Z'Musik.
The arms use the colours of the city: yellow (gold) and black (sable) which are an allusion to yellow wine and dark forests.
Arms of Arbois
Blazon:
Azure, a pelican in her piety Argent, vulned Gules, nest Or.
Arbois is a small rural town with a rich historical heritage and important advantages for agricultural activity such asviticulture, an industrial enterprise among the 10 largest in the department, and tourism based on its heritage andgastronomy.[11]
There is, however, some hidden economic fragility with an aging population, sensitive industries at risk of relocation, a downturn in the diversity of shopping, and an overestimation of the value of property which tends to deter young households.
The area produces some of the bestJura wines, includingvin jaune (yellow wine) andvin de Paille (straw wine), in theArbois AOC; this is the dominant activity. Arbois has many wineries such as Henri Maire, the cooperative Fruitière vinicole d'Arbois, Rolet, Stéphane Tissot, Jacques Tissot, Domaine de la Pinte, Pascal Clairet, Michel Gahier,Frédéric Lornet, and Fumey-Chatelain.
The ArboisAppellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) was introduced in 1936 and covers 13 communes on the hills and valley slopes surrounding the town.[12] One of these, a small village namedPupillin, is particularly known for the quality of its wines, which come from a patchwork of vineyards planted on south-facing, limestone-rich slopes. Wines from these sites are sold as Arbois-Pupillin. Arbois wines are produced from around 2,100 acres (850ha) of vineyards, planted withChardonnay,Savagnin,Poulsard (or Ploussard as it is known in the commune),Pinot Noir andTrousseau.[13]
About 70% of Jura's red wines are produced under the Arbois name, along with about 30% of its whites.[4]
Some bottles are labeled with the saying (in French): "Arbois wine: the more you drink, the more it goes right!". An old familiar song, theTourdion is a song on the wines ofAnjou or Arbois. It is also mentioned byJacques Brel in his songPour mon dernier repas (For my last meal) as well as byHubert-Félix Thiéfaine inLa cancoillotte (The cream cheese). In 1285 the Count ofChiny used to offer it to his guests during the Chauvency Tournament according to the troubadourJacques Bretel who drank it in the company of Henri deBriey.
Arbois also has dairy farms (Montbéliarde and goat breeds) in the AOC ofComté andMorbier.
Industries other than wine contribute to the wealth of the commune includingBost-Garnache Industries (Stanley/Facom Group) which manufactures screwdrivers, SIOBRA who do zinc injection moulding, and CIFC who build industrial wood framing.
TheGloriette Tower (16th century).[22] TheTour Gloriette (Gloriette Tower) was built in the 13th century together with the Tour Velfaux (Vellefaux), and integrated into the Château Pécauld (Pecaud). The Gloriette was one of the principal elements of the city's ramparts which stretched for some 1200 metres. It was badly damaged in 1503 when theCuisance overflowed its banks. With a height of 17 metres and a square base 11 metres on each side, the current tower was restored at the beginning of the 16th century. Although the city was attacked by several armies, the tower itself was never attacked.
Louis Pasteur's House (18th century).[23] It was the only house the scientist owned. The house is preserved in its original state, exactly as it was when Louis Pasteur was alive with his private laboratory. The Pasteur House contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
ThePalace of Justice (Law Courts) contains a Bronze Clock (1819) which is registered as an historical object.[39]
TheChâteau Pécaud and Velfaux Tower (11th century).[40] The Château Pécauld was built in the 11th and 14th centuries and once belonged to the Dukes of Burgundy. It now houses a small museum dedicated to wine growing and production. By the 13th century, it was part the defences of the city. Its large circular tower is known as theTour de Velfaux after the tower's owner,Guillaume de Velfaux, who sold it toNicolas Perrenot de Granvelle, the father ofAntoine Perrenot de Granvelle. De Grenvelle added to the house proper at the beginning of the 16th century, at the end of which the Pecauld family acquired it. During theFrench Revolution the house was nationalized and sold in 1826 to the city of Arbois. Later, the Institute of Wines of Jura restored it.
Other sites of Interest
TheHôtel d'Achey (17th century), then becameSarret de Grozon (19th century), Grande Rue, today an Art Museum which displays, among others, the works of Gustave Courbet;
TheFountain of Lions (19th century), Place de la Liberté;
AFountain (19th century), Rue de Courcelles;
The 'Saut de la Cuisance (Cuisance Falls), near the bridge on Rue de l'Hôtel de ville;
TheArbois Wine-growing area (partially replanted in the 19th century);
TheBelvédère de l'Hermitage (20th century).
Les Planches Cave (Grotte des Planches) (5 km away)
TheHotel-Dieu contains three items that are registered as historical objects:
TheChurch of Saint-Just (11th century)[51] The Church of Saint-Just has a 12th-century nave, a 13th-century vault, a 16th-centurychancel, and a 17th-century church tower. The organ is rated as a historic monument and was restored in 1985. The church contains a very large number of items that are registered as historical objects.[51]
Other religious sites of interest
The oldCollegiate College of Notre-Dame (14th-18th centuries), Rue Notre-Dame, converted into a wheat market in 1802 and today a Cultural Centre;
TheChapel of Notre-Dame Libératrice (17th century) at l'Hermitage (Avenue Pasteur). The Church has a group of items that is registered as an historical object:
AnAltar,Retable, Altar seating, 2 Credenzas, and a frame (17th century)[52]
ThePresbytery contains several items that are registered as historical objects:
Gabriel Girard (1920-1944), amaquisard who participated in an attack on the German police on 14 March 1944, arrested on 26 March, condemned to death on 30 May, and executed on 1 June at theCitadel of Besançon;
François Chambelland (1923-1941), resistance fighter, arrested on 1 March 1941 and shot on 18 September at theCitadel of Besançon;
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), chemist, physician, microbiologist.
René Garoz, resistance fighter originally fromLons-le-Saunier, participated in an attack on the German police on 14 March 1944, at Arbois, arrested on 26 March, condemned to death on 30 May, and executed on 1 June at theCitadel of Besançon;
Joseph Nechvatal (1951-), painter, doctor of philosophy of art and new technologies, professor at theSchool of Visual Arts inNew York City. He developed a computer virus programme at the Pasteur House during his stay at Arbois from 1990 to 1993.
Philippe Chaudat.The world of wine. Ethnology of winegrowers of Arbois (Jura), Paris, l'Harmattan, coll. Connaissance des hommes (preface by Jean-Pierre Warnier), 2004(in French)
Ernest Girard.Arbois Chronicles, 1906. Reprint in 2003 by Le Livre d'histoire(in French)
Georges Grand.History of Arbois, 1959. Reprint in 1996 by Le Livre d'histoire(in French)
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