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Arabic Braille

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Braille alphabet of the Arabic language
Arabic Braille
Script type
abjad
ca. 1950
Print basis
Arabic alphabet
LanguagesArabic
Related scripts
Parent systems

Arabic Braille (Arabic:بِرَيْل الْعَرَبِيَّة,birayl alʿarabīyah) is thebraille alphabet for the[1] OtherArabic-based alphabets have braille systems similar to Arabic Braille, such asUrdu andPersian Braille, but differ in some letter and diacritic assignments.[2]

Unlike theArabic script, Arabic Braille is read from left to right, following the international convention. Numbers are also left to right, as in printed Arabic.

Arabic Braille chart

[edit]

Arabic Braille includes numerous abbreviations, some marked by dot 4 or dot 5 (the comma), which are not described here. A conference in Saudi Arabia in 2002 set up a unified braille standard for Arabic, but as of 2013 not all countries had signed up; those not adopting the standard include some Arab countries but also non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

Letters

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Although short-vowel letters are not diacritics in Arabic Braille, they are optional and generally omitted, just as in print Arabic.

Printابتثجحخدذر
Braille⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
Braille (Unicode)
Printزسشصضطظعغف
Braille⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
Braille (Unicode)
Printقكلمنهويىة
Braille⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
Braille (Unicode)
Printالأإآأوؤئء
Braille⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
Braille (Unicode)
Printــُــَــِــٌــًــٍــْــّ
Braille⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
Braille (Unicode)

Shaddahــّ‎⟩ comes before the consonant;sukunــْ‎⟩ and the vowels after.

Digits

[edit]

Arabic Braille follows the French convention. A couple of these cells, namely '3' and '7', are not used for letters.

Print١1٢2٣3٤4٥5٦6٧7٨8٩9٠0
Braille⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)

Punctuation and formatting

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There are some differences in quotation marks, brackets, and underlining between traditional and unified Arabic braille conventions.

Common punctuation
Print،؛:.!؟-
Braille⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
Braille (Unicode)⠐⠂
Legacy punctuation
Print“...”(...)*abbre-
viation
under-
lining
Braille⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)...⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
Braille (Unicode)⠦ ⠴⠶ ⠶⠔⠔
Unified Arabic punctuation
Print“...”(...)[...]{...}underlining
Braille⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)...⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
Braille (Unicode)⠶ ⠶⠦ ⠴⠠⠦ ⠴⠄⠐⠦ ⠴⠂⠠⠤

See also

[edit]
A sample ofMoon type in various languages including Arabic.
  • Moon type is a simplification of the Latin alphabet for embossing. An adaptation for Arabic-reading blind people has been proposed.

External links

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Archived copy".www.sagma.ma. Archived fromthe original on 5 June 2007. Retrieved14 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^"World Braille Usage"(PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved2012-04-27.
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