There have been a number ofArabic-basedpidgins andcreoles throughout history, including a number of new ones emerging today. These share a common ancestry, and incipient immigrant pidgins. Additionally,Maridi Arabic may have been an 11th-century pidgin.

The Arabic creoles and pidgins are:

• Bimbashi Arabic, a colonial-era pidgin ofAnglo-Egyptian Sudan and the ancestor of the other Sudanic pidgins and creoles.
• Turku Arabic, a pidgin ofcolonial Chad
• Juba Arabic, spoken inSouth Sudan
• Nubi language, spoken inUganda andKenya
• Bongor Arabic, which could be a descendant ofTurku Arabic, spoken in and around the town ofBongor,Chad.^[1]
  • There may be other Turku-like Arabic pidgins in Chad today, but they have not been described.^[1]

In the modern era, pidgin Arabic is most notably used by the large number of migrants to Arab countries. Examples include:

• Gulf Pidgin Arabic, used by mostly immigrant laborers in theArabian Peninsula (and not necessarily a single language variety).^[2][3]
• Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic, used byBengali immigrants inJordan.^[4]
• Pidgin Madam, used bySinhalese domestic workers inLebanon.^[5][6]
• Romanian Pidgin Arabic, spoken byRomanian oil-field workers inIraq from the 1970s to the 1990s.^[7][8]

Due to the nature of pidgins, this list is likely incomplete. New pidgins may continue to develop and emerge due to language contact in theArab world.

Para-Arabic, also known as Pseudo-Arabic, is a descendant of the Arabic language that is no longer fully classified as Arabic. This is amixed language that undergoes a process of code mixing or code switching where Arabic vocabulary and grammar or lexicon are mixed with other languages.

• Condet dialect, a dialect ofBetawi language with a more pronounced influence of Arabic vocabulary than other dialects, as well as a slight influence ofMalay language.^[9][10]Arabic-Malay script (Jawi) was also quite often used by the indigenous people ofCondet inEast Jakarta, especially during theDutch colonial era.^[11]

Nubi language can also be considered a Para-Arabic language because its vocabulary is not entirely derived from Arabic but has absorbed a lot ofBantu languages. But it is excluded, because its lexicon is 90% derived from Arabic.^[12]

• Varieties of Arabic

• Tosco, Mauro; Manfredi, Stefani (2013). "Pidgins and Creoles". In Owens, Jonathan (ed.).The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics. Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780199764136.
• Manfredi, Stefano and Mauro Tosco (eds.) 2014. Arabic-based Pidgins and Creoles. Special Issue of theJournal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 29:2

Thispidgin andcreole language-related article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it.

• v
• t
• e

• Arabic-based pidgins and creoles
• Pidgin and creole language stubs

• CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id)
• CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• All stub articles