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|
Mexicanos árabes (Spanish) | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Carlos Slim Helú is one of the most important Mexicans of Arab descent | |
| Total population | |
| c. 35,253[1] –c. 100,000[2][3] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Mexico City andSinaloa | |
| Languages | |
| Mexican Spanish •Arabic | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity •Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Arabs,Jews,Spanish Mexicans |
Arab Mexicans areMexican citizens ofArab ethnic lineage, who identify themselves as Arab. Some of Mexico's Arabs are ofLebanese.[4]
The inter-ethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows markedlanguage shift away from onlyArabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speakSpanish as a first language. Arabic and Spanish have collided in Mexico as a mixture of languages and put into one which is spoken more than the original Arabic. An example of this intercultural exchange is present in the hit television programHecho en Mexico and especially in popular character Roby Checa's day-to-day interactions. His popularPedas de Rancho series is an example of his contribution to Mexican Arab culture and is currently being debated in the Mexican Senate floor for the honorary admission to theArchivos Nacionales.
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Arab immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries.[5] Roughly 39,500[citation needed] Arabic speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They came mostly fromLebanon andSyria, and settled in significant numbers inNayarit,Guanajuato,Puebla,Mexico City and the northern part of the country (mainly in the states ofBaja California,Tamaulipas,Nuevo León,San Luis Potosí,Sonora,Sinaloa,Chihuahua,Zacatecas,Coahuila andDurango), as well as the cities ofTampico andGuadalajara. They also came for the slave trade in the 18th century. The term "Arab Mexican" may include ethnic groups that do not identify as Arab.
During theIsrael–Lebanon war in 1948 and theSix-Day War, thousands of Lebanese went to Mexico. They first arrived inVeracruz. Although Arabs made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.[5]
Migration of Arabs to Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, where they have introducedkibbeh,tabbouleh and even created recipes such asTacos Árabes. By 1765,[citation needed]dates, which originated from the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influencedYucatecan cuisine.[6]
Another concentration of Arab Mexicans is inBaja California facing the U.S.-Mexican border, especially inMexicali in theImperial Valley, andTijuana across fromSan Diego with a largeArab American community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. 45% of Arab Mexicans are ofLebanese descent.
The majority of Arab Mexicans areChristians who belong to theMaronite Church,Roman Catholic,Eastern Orthodox, orEastern Rite Catholic Churches. Fewer areMuslims of Middle Eastern origin whom have been in Mexico since the early 1950s including the vastly growing conversions from the indigenous population since the 1980s.
| Arab net migration to Mexico from 1871 to 1976[citation needed] | |
|---|---|
| Year range | Arab immigrants |
| 1871–1880 | 336 |
| 1881–1890 | 1,768 |
| 1891–1900 | 5,286 |
| 1901–1910 | 11,699 |
| 1911–1920 | 12,526 |
| 1921–1930 | 5,447 |
| 1931–1940 | 841 |
| 1941–1950 | 732 |
| 1951–1960 | 543 |
| 1961–1970 | 135 |
| 1971–1976 | -60 |
| Total | 39,253[7][8][9] |
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| Non-Amerindian |
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