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Applicative programming language

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Not to be confused withapplicative functors, introduced in the paper "Applicative programming with effects"^[1].

In theclassification of programming languages, anapplicative programming language is built out offunctions applied toarguments. Applicative languages arefunctional, and applicative is often used as a synonym for functional.^[2] However,concatenative languages can be functional, while not being applicative.^[3]

Thesemantics of applicative languages are based onbeta reduction of terms, andSide effect such as mutation ofstate are not permitted.^[4]

Lisp andML are applicative programming languages.

^McBride, Conor; Paterson, Ross (2008-01-01). "Applicative programming with effects".Journal of Functional Programming.18 (1):1–13.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.114.1555.doi:10.1017/S0956796807006326.ISSN 1469-7653.
^Dershowitz, Nachum; Plaisted, David A. (1985). "Logic Programming cum Applicative Programming".Symposium on Logic Programming. Boston, MA. pp. 54–66.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.3826.
^Jon Purdy (12 February 2012)."Why Concatenative Programming Matters". Retrieved28 April 2020.
^Backus, J. (1978)."Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs".Communications of the ACM.21 (8):613–641.doi:10.1145/359576.359579.

Structured	Jackson structures Block-structured Modular Non-structured Procedural Programming in the large and in the small Design by contract Invariant-based Nested function
Object-oriented	Class-based,Prototype-based,Object-based Agent Immutable object Persistent Uniform function call syntax

Functional	Recursive Anonymous function (Partial application) Higher-order Purely functional Total Strict GADTs Dependent types Functional logic Point-free style Expression-oriented Applicative,Concatenative Function-level,Value-level Monad
Dataflow	Flow-based Reactive (Functional reactive) Signals Streams Synchronous
Logic	Abductive logic Answer set Constraint (Constraint logic) Inductive logic Nondeterministic Ontology Probabilistic logic Query
Domain- specific language (DSL)	Algebraic modeling Array Automata-based (Action) Command (Spacecraft) Differentiable End-user Grammar-oriented Interface description Language-oriented List comprehension Low-code Modeling Natural language Non-English-based Page description Pipes andfilters Probabilistic Quantum Scientific Scripting Set-theoretic Simulation Stack-based System Tactile Templating Transformation (Graph rewriting,Production,Pattern) Visual