Apollo Carreon Quiboloy (locally[kɪboˈlɔɪ]; born April 27, 1950)[a] is a Filipino pastor and the leader of theKingdom of Jesus Christ (KOJC or KJC), aRestorationist church based in the Philippines.[6][7] He founded the KOJC in 1985, proclaiming himself the "Appointed Son of God" and the "Owner of the Universe".[8][9]
Apollo Carreon Quiboloy was born on April 25, 1950, inDavao City[25] toKapampangan parents José Quiboloy y Turla and María Carreón y Sambat (born December 28, 1913).[26] The youngest out of nine children, his parents were natives fromLubao, before migrating after theSecond World War to seek better work opportunities.[27][28][29]
Early religious involvement
Oneness Pentecostal and the UPCP
Quiboloy's father, José, was originally a Protestant and member of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, before moving toOneness Pentecostal with his four sons.[30] His family were locally known as pastor-leaders during the early years of theUnited Pentecostal Church of the Philippines (UPCP) in Davao.[31]
Apollo's sibling, Jose, later became the Assistant General Superintendent of the UPCP before moving for independent work at theGreater Manila area.[31] Apollo claims to have started experiencing spiritual visions at the age of 14, during a visit toMalungon,South Cotabato (nowSarangani).[32] According to his website, he envisioned encounters with the Lord and the earth being burnt in a bowl of fire.[30]
These visions also include captions such as "...the sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood before that great and notable day of the Lord come" and "If ye shall seek me ye shall find me in my way". Quiboloy would recall these visions as theSecond Coming of Jesus.[30]
Career with UPCP as the "Preaching Machine"
Quiboloy never saw preaching as his future career, originally expressing desires to become a nautical engineer and pilot.[30] However, because of the benefits that came withBible college including free board and meals, fully paid tuition fees and a free boat ride to Manila, he continued to study theology[33] at the United Pentecostal Bible Institute (later the Apostolic Center for Theological Studies), graduating in 1972.[31][34]
He continued to preach for the UPCP after completing college and gained moniker as a "Preaching Machine".[30] On 1973, the UPCP nominated Quiboloy to represent them at the International Youth Corps World Conference held atSeoul,South Korea.[30] The denomination would also elect Quiboloy as UPCP's national youth president in 1974.[31]
Conflict with UPCP and founding of KOJC
After involving himself with another preacher named "Major Sanchez",[32] Apollo was disfellowshipped by the UPCP in 1979. According to church documents, Sanchez was recently placed out-of-bounds by other pastors in Davao. Quiboloy later re-applied and expressed sorrow. He was accepted back in 1980.[31]
Upon returning in 1980, Quiboloy was reassigned to preach at the Agdao church to slowly regain reputation to his church. However, he was investigated by the UPCP board again in 1985 after he introduced unorthodox ideals and inducing hate to neighboring pastors. According to documentation, Quiboloy told his followers on one occasion that other UPCP pastors are 'unqualified' and 'ignorant'.[31] On September 1, 1985—before a scheduled meeting with UPCP's district board—Quiboloy would vacate the Agdao church with several followers to assemble his new denomination, the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, The Name Above Every Name.[30][31]
Quiboloy founded the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, The Name Above Every Name (also known as KOJC or KJC) on September 1, 1985[35] and appointed himself as leader and Executive Pastor. He started preaching at the slums of Villamor, Agdao with 15 members[31] and received critical comments due to his claims on being the "Appointed Son of God".[36][37][38] Their main cathedral is besideFrancisco Bangoy International Airport just along theCarlos P. Garcia National Highway in Buhangin, Davao City.
Their church followers would refer to themselves as the "Kingdom Nation". The church claims to have around 4 million followers within the Philippines and over 2 million in other territories.[39] Their schedule on weekdays involves members hosting Bible sessions and prayer services. Another event, titled Sounds of Worship is held every Sunday online[40] and at their main cathedral in Buhangin, Davao City.
Divinity claims
Quiboloy is known for claiming possession of divinity such as 'stopping' the2019 Cotabato earthquakes on his command. He would later tell that the public should thank him for the act.[41] He has publicly said that he did not do the same to stop the onslaught ofTyphoon Kammuri (Tisoy) in response to those critical of his earlier claim in stopping the Cotabato earthquakes.[42]
During theCOVID-19 pandemic, Quiboloy claimed on his YouTube channel that the emergence of theOmicron variant is caused by his prosecution from theUS and the negative criticism from the public. He claimed that the virus will stop if freed from his active charges.[43]
Quiboloy later founded the Jose Maria College in 2000 naming the institution after his parents.[29][44][45] They are currently offering more than 30 programmes from basic, grade-school education, specialised Medicine[46] and Law[47] programmes, to TESDA-accredited vocational courses.
Under Quiboloy's leadership, the church founded the Swara Sug Network Corporation (SSMC), famously known as theSonshine Media Network International (SMNI). The network served as the KOJC's official media platform. Before establishing the SSMC, they would utilise agreements with local radio stations in Davao (DXDC andDXUM) to host their local programmes such asPagsusi sa Kamatuoran ("Searching for Truth" or "Paghahanap ng Katotohanan") among others.
In 1991, they launched their first television program titledThe Hour of Truth by utilisingblocktime agreements withIBC andABS-CBN stations throughout cities in Visayas and Mindanao.
Political involvement
Endorsements and affiliations
Quiboloy (center) talks to guest and President of the PhilippinesRodrigo Duterte inGive Us This Day ofSMNI in 2019.
Quiboloy endorsed the candidacy ofGilbert Teodoro for the2010 Philippine presidential election.[49] Teodoro was the preferred candidate of the then-incumbent Arroyo administration. However Quiboloy would endorseMar Roxas for the vice presidency and not Teodoro's running mateEdu Manzano.[50] Teodoro finished fourth in the election with 4,095,839 votes (or 11.33%).[51] He remarked that he was disturbed by reports of fraud and cheating and wondered to whom did votes from his church go.[52]
Quiboloy is a close associate ofRodrigo Duterte.[53] In the2016 elections, Quiboloy and the members of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ endorsed the presidential candidacy ofDavao City mayor Duterte and his running mate SenatorAlan Peter Cayetano.[54][55] Quiboloy also lent his private jet and helicopter to be used inDuterte's presidential campaign.[56] Quiboloy also served as Duterte's spiritual adviser during his presidency.[57][58] Post-presidency, Duterte would serve as the administrator of the assets of the pastor's church amidst Quiboloy facing scrutiny from the Philippine government.[53]
In the2022 elections, Quiboloy endorsed the candidacy ofBongbong Marcos who was running for president. He supported his vice presidential candidate,Sara Duterte as well.[59] Quiboloy's parents' loyal support for former presidentFerdinand Marcos was a factor for the endorsement. Quiboloy at the time have been reportedly good friends with theMarcos family in general.[60] However, following inquiries made by both houses of theCongress against him and SMNI, relations have deteriorated. In February 2024, Quiboloy alleged that President Marcos and First LadyLiza Marcos are conspiring with the United States to assassinate him.[61] However he has remained cordial with SenatorImee Marcos who insists the pastor has been kind to many people.[62]
2025 Senate electoral bid
In October 2024, Quiboloy filed his certificate of candidacy for the2025 Philippine Senate election through his lawyer, Mark Tolentino. He initially ran under theWorkers' and Peasants' Party (WPP).[63][64] However, the WPP'sSonny Matula denied signing Quiboloy's candidacy form.[65] On October 17, Matula filed a petition to disqualify Quiboloy's candidacy at theCommission on Elections on grounds of "material representation". In response, Quiboloy also filed a petition to have Matula and his entire senatorial slate disqualified on the same grounds.[66] On October 21, Quiboloy withdrew his representation of the WPP and formally ran as anindependent candidate.[67] On December 18, COMELEC dismissed the disqualification case against Quiboloy, citing insufficient and incorrect evidence.[68]
Quiboloy officially launched his campaign on February 11, 2025. His platform is focused on dealing with corruption and national security. He proposed the imposition of death penalty for politicians convicted of corruption offenses.[69] In March 2025, Quiboloy was sued by hip-hop artistOmar Baliw for copyright infringement after one of his songs was used as an electoral jingle by Quiboloy's campaign.[70]
Quiboloy was defeated in the Senate election, finishing in 31st place. In response to the result, he called for a manual recount of the votes, citing "numerous reports of overvoting anomalies, inconsistencies in ballot readings, and other electoral irregularities."[71]
Communist rebellion
Quiboloy has criticised theCommunist Party of the Philippines,New People's Army, and theNational Democratic Front (CPP–NPA–NDF) which forms a triumvirate waging acommunist rebellion against the Philippine government.[72] Likewise, he has accused several political figures of being associated with or sympathizers of the CPP–NPA–NDF.[73][74] He also considered running for the 2022 presidential election, under an anti-communist platform which targeted rebels and alleged sympathizers.[75]
Controversies
Allegations of brainwashing by a former church member
Quiboloy and the Kingdom of Jesus Christ have been sued by a woman for allegedlybrainwashing and holding her 19-year-old daughter, who joined the church in 2004, against her will.[76][77]
Dispute with the New People's Army
TheNew People's Army (NPA), the armed wing of theCommunist Party of the Philippines, has accused Quiboloy of being behind the massacre of K'lata-Bagobo leader Datu Domingo Diarog and his family on April 29, 2008, for allegedly refusing to sell 2 hectares (20,000 m2) of their property for ₱50,000 to Quiboloy and his sect.
The property is within the 700 hectares (7.0 km2) ancestral domain claimed by theBagobo people in Tugbok and is adjacent to Quiboloy's walled "prayer mountain" in Tamayong.
Diarog's widow said followers of Quiboloy had threatened to evict them from the land and her relatives were even offered a ₱20,000 bounty for Diarog's head.[78]
Quiboloy, however, said the charges were "totally false and baseless, if not ridiculous."[79]
While Quiboloy has branded the rebels "mga anak ni Satanas" ("Satan's children"), the NPA has declared him a "warlord in the service of theArroyo administration's policies against the peasants and indigenous peoples."[80][81]
Police investigator Ireneo Dalogdog, head of the Tugbok police office, said he had been receiving reports that Diarog was being harassed by armed men associated with Quiboloy, and that Diarog's farmhouse had earlier been razed three times.[78]
In November 2019, comedianVice Ganda satirized Quiboloy's claims of stoppingthe series of earthquakes in Mindanao by exclaiming "Stop!" during an impromptu sketch inIt's Showtime!. Vice sardonically challenged Quiboloy to also stop the country's longest running television seriesAng Probinsyano, which had been aired onABS-CBN for at least five years at that point.[82][83] Quiboloy accepted the challenge and declared that in four months, the whole network's operations would shut down as well.[84][85][86] On May 5, 2020, theNational Telecommunications Commission ordered ABS-CBN to cease its television and radio broadcasting operations after their 25-year broadcast franchise expired the previous day, and officially signed off at 7:52 p.m (local time) the same day.[87] More than two months later, on July 10, 2020, theHouse of Representatives of the Philippines rejected the new ABS-CBN franchise bid after a 70–11 vote against it.[88][83][89] Following this, ABS-CBN shifted its news, radio, and entertainment operations into online platforms and other television networks.Ang Probinsyano released its series finale on August 12, 2022.[90]
The prosecutors for theCentral District of California indicted Quiboloy and top church administrators forconspiracy to conduct human and sex trafficking, money laundering,immigration fraud and other charges on November 11, 2021.[14][17] The prosecutors also alleges that followers were coerced by Apollo and administrators into soliciting funds at long hours with little to no pay.[91][92] Some followers were sexually and physically abused by Quiboloy and other church administrators, under the guise of avoiding 'eternal damnation'.[93]
Full-time workers
Some of KOJC's followers were assigned as 'full time workers' (FTW's) to help with fundraising activities nationwide and internationally. Some of these workers were coerced, forced, and physically abused by Quiboloy as well as the church administrators to strictly follow church rules and meet fundraising quotas.[94]
Full-time workers in North America
The highest-achieving full-time workers (workers that raised most funds in the Philippines) were nominated by church personnel to fundraise in North America. Apollo's administrators would falsify their visa applications, claiming that they're only travelling for church-related performances.[93] The administrators would also arrange sham marriages with other church followers in the US in order for the FTW's to continue soliciting funds in the United States.[95]
Upon arriving in the United States, church administrators would confiscate the workers' passports and coerce them into soliciting and fundraising. Lead administrators created non-profit entities such as the "Children's Joy Foundation USA" as their platform to fundraise. Full-time workers would claim that any funds raised are for helping impoverished children in the Philippines[96] but prosecutors allege that in reality, most or all of the raised money were used to fund Quiboloy and their administrator's lavish lifestyle.[97]
'Night duty' and pastorals
According to the indictment, some ladies were forced to "night duties", in which they were sexually abused by Quiboloy.[98][99] Prosecutors stated that they will also retrieve Quiboloy's US assets originating from ill-gotten wealth, alleging that he used church donations to pay for his lifestyle.[100][93][101]
On December 10, 2022, theUS Department of Treasury andDepartment of State imposed sanctions on Quiboloy for gross human rights abuses and corruption. These sanctions come on the occasion of International Anti-Corruption Day and on the eve of International Human Rights Day, wherein the United States sanctioned up to 40 individuals and entities from nine different countries for corruption and human rights violations.[105][106] The sanctions were imposed based byExecutive Order 13818 pursuant to theUS Global Magnitsky Act. Quiboloy is accused of being involved in the sexual abuse and human trafficking of young girls within his religious group.[107]
The US imposed the following sanctions on Quiboloy.[106][105]
All properties and interests that are in the US or in possession of US persons are blocked and must be referred to the US’ treasury department.
Any entities directly or indirectly owned, 50% or more are blocked.
All transactions of US persons or within/transiting in the US that involve any of Quiboloy's property or interests in property are prohibited, unless authorized.
Making or receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for Quiboloy's benefit are also prohibited.
Quiboloy's assets in the United States are sanctioned by the US Department of TreasuryOffice of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) on December 10, 2022[105][106] after the OFAC imposed more than 40 individuals and entities for corruption and human rights abuses.[109]
Philippine Senate inquiry contempt order
On February 21, 2024, Quiboloy, in an almost 40-minute audio recording, claimed that the US, President Bongbong Marcos, and First Lady Liza Araneta-Marcos conspired in a plot to assassinate him, prompting him to go into hiding for his safety. Quiboloy said theFBI had placed a $2 million bounty on him, that his reputation was being maliciously tarnished, and that he was being persecuted because of his relationship with the Duterte family. SenatorRisa Hontiveros responded by saying Quiboloy should "stopplaying a victim" and "simply to face the allegations in the legal process" or face arrest; meanwhile, the US Embassy in the Philippines said it was confident Quiboloy will "face justice for his heinous crimes".[110] Supporters of Quiboloy held a protest atLiwasang Bonifacio on March 4, holding placards bearing the messages "Justice for Pastor Apollo", "Resign Risa Hontiveros", "Restore Freedom of Expression", and "Stop Human Rights Abuses".[111][112] On March 5, Senator Risa Hontiveros, chair of the Senate Committee on Women, Children, Family Relations and Gender Equality, cited Quiboloy in contempt "for his refusal to be sworn or to testify" beforean ongoing Senate investigation of alleged crimes within Quiboloy's organization; Hontiveros further requested the Senate President to order his arrest so that Quiboloy "may be brought to testify".[113] SenatorRobin Padilla moved to block the arrest order, describing Quiboloy "as a hero and a victim" for fighting theNew Peoples Army;[114] Padilla initiated a letter of objection to Quiboloy's arrest signed by him and three other Senators—Imee Marcos,Cynthia Villar, andBong Go.[115]
In early July 2024, a₱10 millionbounty was offered by theDepartment of Interior and Local Government (DILG) for information that would lead to Quiboloy's arrest. Quiboloy's lawyer,Ferdinand Topacio, questioned the bounty as it came from anonymous private persons, whose identities the DILG refused to disclosed.[116]
Philippine justice department case
On March 19, 2024, the DOJ filed child abuse and human trafficking charges against Quiboloy and co-accused Jackielyn W. Roy, Cresente Canada, Paulene Canada, Ingrid C. Canada, and Sylvia Cemane. The Information charged Quiboloy of Qualified Human Trafficking charges under Section 4 (a) of Republic Act No. 9208, theAnti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 as amended, before a Pasig court. The charges under Section 5(b) and Section 10(a) of Republic Act 7610, the "Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act" were also filed against Quiboloy before a Davao court. Nobail was recommended for the charges.[117]
The Davao Regional Trial Court Branch 12-Family Court, in an Order dated April 1, 2024 of Judge Dante Baguio, declined to defer the immediate implementation of anarrest warrant against Apollo Quiboloy and five others for child abuse and sexual abuse. On April 3, the NBI placed under its custody the 3 accused after having arrested Barangay Tamayong, DistrictCalinan Chairman, Cresente Canada, while KOJC church associates Paulene Canada and Sylvia Cemañes voluntarily surrendered. The 3 were all freed after having posted P80,000 bail each.[118][119] Accordingly, theDavao City Police forthwith served the arrest warrants against Quiboloy and his co-accused. "The Officers went to the KOJC headquarters to serve the warrant," Davao Region Police Director PBGen. Alden B. Delvo, PRO 11 said.[120] The NBI would consider Quiboloy as a fugitive.[121] On April 4, Jackielyn Roy and Ingrid Canada, the personal assistants of Quiboloy surrendered to the NBI and were freed after having posted P80,000 bail each.[122] TheSupreme Court of the Philippines' Second Division granted DOJ's April 4 petition forchange of venue to avoidmiscarriage of justice.[123] It ordered Davao City RTC Branch 12 Clerk of Court to deliver court case records to the Office of the Executive Judge of the RTC, QC RTC for raffle.[124]
On April 11, Pasig Regional Trial Court, Branch 159 Acting Presiding Judge Rainelda Estacio-Montesa issued a warrant of arrest against Quiboloy, Jackielyn Roy, Sylvia Cemañes, Cresente, Paulene, and Ingrid Canada for violations of Section 4 (a) ofAnti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003. Lawyer Israelito Torreon said “he still in the Philippine territory and they would file themotion to quash” forthwith. Marcos Jr. said that "Quiboloy’s surrender conditions were atail-wagging-the-dog situation, but also assured Quiboloy that the government would “exercise all the compassion” to him.[125][126]
Official mugshot of Quiboloy, released by Interior and Local Government SecretaryBenjamin Abalos Jr.
On June 10, 2024, theCriminal Investigation and Detection Group and about 100 police officers of thePhilippine National Police-Special Action Force raided Quiboloy's properties to serve him an arrest warrant. The raided properties were theKOJC Dome atBuhangin District at 4 a.m., including Quiboloy's Glory Mountain and Prayer Mountain in Barabgat Tamayong and KJC compound in Lanang at 8 a.m.[127] Quiboloy's counsel agreed to the third and latest service of threearrest warrants upon him and five accused.[128] KJC members protested at the raid and expressed shock at the presence of "the police and military in full battle gear".[129] However, Davao PR 11–PIO chief Major Catherine Dela Rey, in anautopatch explained that "Quiboloy and the other subjects were not found."[130] The raiding forces destroyed the KOJC compound main gate, while two KOJC members were injured and five people carryingbolos were arrested.[131] The raids were condemned by former President Duterte, who described the implementation of the arrest warrants as "excessive and unnecessary force" and "overkill".[132] A resolution was later filed by SenatorRobin Padilla asking the Senate to probe the police's alleged use of "unnecessary and excessive force" during the raids.[133]
Police operations in the compound continued until September 8, 2024, when Quiboloy was apprehended in Davao City.[134][135] ThePhilippine National Police later said that Quiboloy surrendered to the Intelligence Service of theArmed Forces of the Philippines following a 24-hour ultimatum issued by the PNP. Quiboloy was taken to Metro Manila and detained at PNP headquarters inCamp Crame,Quezon City.[136] On September 9, Quezon City Regional Trial Court (RTC) Branch 106 ordered the transfer of Quiboloy and co-accused Cresente Canada to theNew Quezon City Jail inPayatas and announced that their arraignment and pre-trial conference would be held on September 19.[137] However, he remains detained in Camp Crame, while his four co-accused were transferred to thePasig City Jail.[138] The Pasig Court granted Quiboloy's petition for amedical furlough from November 8–16 at thePhilippine Heart Center after sufferingchest pain,arrhythmia andatrial fibrillation.[139] The court extended the furlough until November 27 due to dental issues including aninfecteddental implant which affected hisjaw.[140]
On January 18, 2025, Quiboloy was hospitalized for pneumonia.[141]
Complaints filed by Quiboloy and KJC members
Against Rappler, et al
In December 2021,Rappler published series of articles detailing accusations against Quiboloy including sexual abuse, trafficking and fraud.[142] In connection with these, since January 2022,Kingdom of Jesus Christ officials filed a total of 53 counts of cyber libel against Rappler and its four journalists, and four resource persons including anAteneo de Manila University professor and three former KJC members who turned as whistleblowers, before the City Prosecutor's offices in various cities inMindanao, particularly inCagayan de Oro (7 counts),Davao City (28),General Santos (7),Ozamiz (7) andPanabo (4); all were dismissed for lack of probable cause with those filed in Davao City the last to be dismissed in May.[143][144][145]
Against Manny Pacquiao
Then senator and presidential candidateManny Pacquiao cited charges of sexual abuse against Quiboloy as his reason for turning down an invitation for a presidential debate that was organized by the latter in February 2022. This was the subject of a cyber libel complaint filed by Quiboloy against Pacquiao, which was dismissed byDavao City prosecutors in September, stating the complainant's failure to present supporting evidence.[146]
Social media bans
On June 21, 2023, the video-sharing platformYouTube terminated Quiboloy's channel due to an alleged community guidelines violation.[147] This was later followed by similar bans on several other accounts owned and/or affiliated with Quiboloy, such as the SMNI News and Kingdom of Jesus Christ channels, which were also terminated on July 7.[148]
The termination of Quiboloy's channels occurred following a tweet made by Mutahar Anas, a popular gaming YouTuber known as SomeOrdinaryGamers, tagging YouTube's support account onTwitter and bringing attention to the FBI's arrest warrant for Quiboloy.[149]Google, in their later statements, said that these actions were in compliance with existing sanctions by theUnited States against Quiboloy.[148][150] Quiboloy, not being upset by the termination, said in an interview by his own media network that he is "bulletproof" from his detractors including US authorities whom he accused of "political and religious persecution".[151] Quiboloy and SMNI later created accounts on thealt-tech video serviceRumble[152] as well as analternate account for SMNI on YouTube in defiance of the sanctions;[153] the latter account was suspended by YouTube a few days later.[154]
Also in July,China-based video-sharing serviceTikTok – also complying with US sanctions – banned Quiboloy's account.[155][156]
On August 17, Quiboloy's accounts onMeta-owned social media platformsFacebook andInstagram were banned following a complaint from an anonymous source.[157] Meta later clarified in a statement withRappler that the ban was due to the "Dangerous Organizations and Individuals" policy as outlined in their terms of service, which also extends to third parties showing support or representation of Quiboloy and any organizations associated with him.[158] On September 15, 2023, the SMNI News' Facebook page was deleted, in accordance to Meta's Dangerous Organizations and Individuals Policy;[159] sockpuppet accounts representing SMNI are still in operation as of 2024, to which the Philippine National Police urged Facebook and YouTube to take down.[160]
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Media related toApollo Quiboloy at Wikimedia Commons