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Aphrodite: mœurs antiques ("Aphrodite: ancient morals") is an 1896French-languagenovel byPierre Louÿs.
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Set inAlexandria, the novel tells the story of Chrysis, acourtesan, and the sculptor Démétrios. AGalilaean with long golden hair (source of her Greek nickname), Chrysis is proud of her beauty and her skill at winning the devotion and servility of men.
Démétrios, for his part, is worshipped by the women of the town, but has grown tired of their devotion. He has come to prefer his statue of the goddessAphrodite even to his lover, Queen Bérénice, who posed for it. Chrysis is the only woman who does not care for him.
Piqued into desire by her resistance, Démétrios is spurred to commit theft and murder for her, to win the three objects she demands in return for her charms: a rival courtesan's silver mirror, the ivory comb of an Egyptian priestess, and the pearl necklace that adorns the cult image in the temple of Aphrodite. After carrying out these errands, Démétrios dreams of the night of love that Chrysis has offered him and while she falls in love with the man who was moved to crime for her, Démétrios rejects the real Chrysis, sufficed by his dream.
She presses her desire, so he makes her swear, as he had, to do his bidding, before revealing what it is: to wear the stolen items in public. She does so, appearing on theLighthouse of Alexandria in the role of Aphrodite, nude and with the items worn as the attributes of the goddess. Imprisoned and condemned, Chrysis drinkshemlock in the indifferent presence of Démétrios.
He then uses her nude body as a model, posing it in the violent attitude in which he had seen her in his dream, to create the statue of Immortal Life.
Aphrodite was so successful that it started the career ofMercure de France. The success was due in part to a rave review byFrançois Coppée, and no doubt also to thelibertine scenes throughout the book. Louÿs had previously only published limited run pamphlets. The book caused a scandal, and reviewerDorothy Parker noted how difficult it was to obtain in New York, and that a play by George Hazelton based on the book was likewise successful because it was denounced as obscene by the mayor.[1]
Louÿs's ideal was to write for an elite of a few friends such asMallarmé,Régnier,Gide, andValéry. As an author he presented himself as an "Athenian", for whom "there was nothing more sacred than physical love, nothing more beautiful than the human body." In his Alexandria, a dreamlike reconstruction combining erudition andfin de siècleOrientalism, amoral and violent pleasure takes first place (the loves of Chrysis, the relationship between two young musician girls, the feasts of Aphrodite, the banquet and orgy concluding with thecrucifixion of a female slave); only Démétrios has an ideal, distinguishing "the just from the unjust according to the criterion of beauty," far from the "narrow virtues of modern moralists": he regrets his crimes only because he lowered himself to commit them.
This Translation of Ancient Manners was executed on the Printing Presses of Charles Herissey, at Evreux, (France), for Mr. Charles Carrington, Paris, Bookseller et Publisher, and is the only complete English version extant. This Edition on Large Paper, is limited to 1000 copies of which this is No . . . . . . . . (Illustrator:Édouard François Zier )