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Apelin receptor

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

APLNR

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search:PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2LOT,2LOU,2LOV,2LOW

Identifiers

Aliases

APLNR, AGTRL1, APJ, APJR, HG11, apelin receptor

External IDs

OMIM:600052;MGI:1346086;HomoloGene:3784;GeneCards:APLNR;OMA:APLNR - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)^[1]

Band	11q12.1	Start	57,233,577bp^[1]
Band	11q12.1	End	57,237,250bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)^[2]

Band	2\|2 D	Start	84,966,569bp^[2]
Band	2\|2 D	End	84,970,267bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

optic nerve

inferior olivary nucleus

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

tendon of biceps brachii

ventral tegmental area

spinal cord

C1 segment

Region I of hippocampus proper

myocardium of left ventricle

spleen

Top expressed in

renal corpuscle

left lung lobe

dermis

medullary collecting duct

body of femur

vas deferens

internal carotid artery

primitive streak

digastric muscle

migratory enteric neural crest cell

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity signaling receptor activity apelin receptor activity
Cellular component	integral component of membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane plasma membrane
Biological process	multicellular organism development development of the heart regulation of body fluid levels gastrulation signal transduction G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling positive regulation of angiogenesis positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol positive regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation vasculogenesis adult heart development coronary vasculature development positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis angiogenesis blood vessel development apelin receptor signaling pathway
Sources:Amigo /QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


187


23796

Ensembl


ENSG00000134817


ENSMUSG00000044338

UniProt


P35414


Q9WV08

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_005161


NM_011784

RefSeq (protein)


NP_005152


NP_035914

Location (UCSC)

Chr 11: 57.23 – 57.24 Mb

Chr 2: 84.97 – 84.97 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

TheApelin Receptor (APLNR, also known asAPJ) is aG protein-coupled receptor.^[5] The structure of APLNR was resolved in 2017^[6]

Ligands

[edit]

Agonists

APLNR possesses two endogenous agonist ligands;

APELIN^[7]^[8]^[9]
ELABELA.^[10]^[11]

Synthetic agonists include;

Azelaprag (AMG 986, BGE-105)
AM-8123
BMS-986224
CMF-019

Antagonists

ML221

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134817 –Ensembl, May 2017
^^a ^b ^cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044338 –Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^O'Dowd BF, Heiber M, Chan A, Heng HH, Tsui LC, Kennedy JL, et al. (December 1993). "A human gene that shows identity with the gene encoding the angiotensin receptor is located on chromosome 11".Gene.136 (1–2):355–60.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90495-O.PMID 8294032.
^Ma Y, Yue Y, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Song Y, et al. (June 2017)."Structural Basis for Apelin Control of the Human Apelin Receptor".Structure.25 (6): 858–866.e4.doi:10.1016/j.str.2017.04.008.PMID 28528775.
^Tatemoto K, Hosoya M, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kakegawa T, Zou MX, et al. (October 1998). "Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor".Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.251 (2):471–6.doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9489.PMID 9792798.
^Lee DK, Cheng R, Nguyen T, Fan T, Kariyawasam AP, Liu Y, et al. (January 2000). "Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor".Journal of Neurochemistry.74 (1):34–41.doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740034.x.PMID 10617103.S2CID 6548112.
^Szokodi I, Tavi P, Földes G, Voutilainen-Myllylä S, Ilves M, Tokola H, et al. (September 2002)."Apelin, the novel endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, regulates cardiac contractility".Circulation Research.91 (5):434–40.doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000033522.37861.69.PMID 12215493.
^Chng SC, Ho L, Tian J, Reversade B (December 2013)."ELABELA: a hormone essential for heart development signals via the apelin receptor".Developmental Cell.27 (6):672–80.doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.002.PMID 24316148.
^Pauli A, Norris ML, Valen E, Chew GL, Gagnon JA, Zimmerman S, et al. (February 2014)."Toddler: an embryonic signal that promotes cell movement via Apelin receptors".Science.343 (6172) 1248636.doi:10.1126/science.1248636.PMC 4107353.PMID 24407481.

External links

[edit]

"Apelin Receptor: APJ".IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived fromthe original on 2021-08-16. Retrieved2007-10-27.
Apelin+receptor,+human at the U.S. National Library of MedicineMedical Subject Headings (MeSH)
HumanAPLNR genome location andAPLNR gene details page in theUCSC Genome Browser.

Cell surface receptor:G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but5-HT3)5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2),EP (1 2 3 4),FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2,GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a (1
2))
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemerin
- 1
- 2
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin &Zeta, but notSigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Taste, bitter	TAS2R 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor type 1
Orphan	GPR (3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 78 82 83 84 85 87 88 101 103 109A 119 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B:Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRB Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 2 3 ADGRC Cadherin 1 2 3 ADGRE EMR 1 2 3 CD97 ADGRG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADGRL Latrophilin 1 2 3 ELTD1
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Calcitonin CALCRL Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C:Metabotropic glutamate /pheromone

Taste, sweet	TAS1R 1 2 3 Vomeronasal receptor, type 2
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA_B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:Frizzled &Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
Smoothened	Smoothened

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Ligands

References

Further reading

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