Anzio Colonia, Cincinnato, Falasche,Lavinio Mare, Lavinio Stazione, Lido dei Gigli, Lido dei Pini, Lido delle Sirene, Marechiaro, Villa Claudia, Santa Teresa
Plan of AntiumLibrary of the imperial villaMosaic from thenymphaeum
The symbol of Anzio is the goddessFortuna, in reference to her veneration in the ancientAntium,[7] whose territory Anzio occupies a very important part; so that it retains the heritage of the ancient town in archaeological terms: the settlement of Antium, over the centuries, was certainly present in the area of modern Anzio (the Capo d'Anzio).
In theRoman era the territory of Antium almost entirely corresponded to modern Anzio and nearbyNettuno.[8]
In theMiddle Ages Antium was deserted in favour of Nettuno, which maintained the legacy of the ancient settlement.[9][10]
At the end of the sixteenth century PopeClement VIII, who had purchased the lordship over Nettuno (the territory of which incorporated Anzio[11][12]) for theApostolic Chamber, gave instructions to Monsignor Bartolomeo Cesi to take steps to safeguard the building heritage of Anzio.[13] A century later, in the last decade of the seventeenth century, by the will of Pope Innocent XII the port was rebuilt which gave rise to a notable economic recovery in the area, which continued throughout the eighteenth century. At the end of the 17th centuryInnocent XII andClement XI restored the harbour, not on the old site of the Roman one ofNero, but to the east of it, with the opening to the east, a mistake which leads to its being frequently silted up; it has a depth of about 5 metres (16 ft). The sea is encroaching slightly at Anzio, but some kilometres farther north-west the old Roman coast-line now lies slightly inland (seeTiber).[9]
A village arose and developed after the construction of the new harbour - completed in 1700 - with the Roman aristocracy discovering the area.[14][10]
In 1857 PopePius IX founded the modern municipality (comune) of Anzio, with the boundaries of Nettuno being redrawn to accommodate the new town;[10] however, the official name of the new municipality was Porto d'Anzio until 1885.[8]
Anzio knew a remarkable development as a seaside resort at the end of the 19th century.[15]
In 1925, Anzio became one of the central places of the telecommunication revolution. On 16 March 1925, the "Station" of the submarine telegraph cable was inaugurated in Anzio, the first telecommunication cable connected directly from Anzio to New York. The following submarine telegraph cable united Italy with Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay through this "Station" in Anzio.[16]
On September 14, 1948, a waterspout came ashore in the town, which threw a mobile home 40 metres (44 yd) and threw a car “violently” into a tree. This tornado never received an official rating from theEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory, however, theLa Stampa newspaper wrote an article how it was “exceptionally violent”. According toLa Stampa, a wooden and brick home was completely destroyed, ten homes had their roofs completely torn off, and about 50 large pine trees were completely uprooted. The tornado caused several millionlire in damage.[17]
Statue ofNero in Anzio by Claudio Valenti (2010).Anzio lighthouse
Along the coast are numerous remains of Roman villas. One, theDomus Neroniana, has been identified as a residence ofNero (the villa was subsequently enlarged byDomitian,Hadrian andSeptimius Severus);[3] he andCaligula were born in Antium and, according to Giuseppe Lugli,[18] right there ("one or more villas of theJulia gens"). There are also the ruins of the villa ofCicero.[19]
About 8 kilometres (5 miles) north of the town there is aWWF park with sulphur springs and a medieval tower, Tor Caldara.
Near the ruins of the Villa of Nero, in scenic position near the beach, lies the military sanatorium of theItalian Army, one of the most important works ofFlorestano Di Fausto, built-in 1930–1933.
All along the coast a large number of beaches and sea resorts can be found, including hotels and the famous fish restaurants of the port of Anzio. The town once hosted aCasino calledParadiso sul mare, that is no longer active and now hosts cultural events. In the southern part of Anzio, close to the border with Nettuno, are many ItalianArt Nouveau style houses.
The town is connected to Rome by the Via Nettunense (SS207), theVia Ardeatina (SS601) and by theRoma-Nettuno railway that connects Anzio withRoma Termini in around 1 hour.[20] The railway line also stops in the stations of Padiglione, Lido di Lavinio, Villa Claudia, Marechiaro, Anzio Colonia to the north of Anzio.
^P. Brandizzi Vittucci,Antium: Anzio e Nettuno in epoca romana, Roma, Bardi Editore, 2000, p. 13.ISBN88-85699-83-9
^J. Hondius,Nova et accurata Italiae hodiernae descriptio, Apud B. et A. Elsevir, 1627, pp. 164-165.
^Antonio Nibby (1837). "Analisi storico-topografico-antiquaria della carta de' Dintorni di Roma." (3 voll.)Tipografia delle Belle Arti, Roma 1837, vol. I (A - Du),on-line.
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