| Anza | |
|---|---|
 Anza Mk-II | |
| Type | Man-portable air-defence system (MANPADS) |
| Place of origin | Pakistan |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1989–present |
| Used by | SeeOperators |
| Wars | Kargil War Libyan civil war (2011)[1] Syrian Civil War |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Produced | 1988[5] |
| Variants | SeeVariants |
| Specifications (Anza Mk-II) | |
| Mass | 16.5 kg[6] |
| Length | 1.44 m |
| Diameter | 7.2 cm |
| Warhead | 1.42 kg shaped charge[6] |
| Engine | Rocket motor |
| Propellant | Solid propellant |
Operational range | 500–6000 m |
| Flight altitude | 30–4000 m |
| Maximum speed | 600+ m/s[7] |
Guidance system | Infrared homing[6] |
Launch platform | Human, vehicle. |
TheAnza (عنزہAnza) is a series ofshoulder-fired,man-portablesurface-to-air missiles produced by Pakistan. Guided by aninfrared homing seeker, the Anza is used for short range air defence.[8][9]
The Anza is produced byKhan Research Laboratories (KRL), being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects.[10] Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.[11] Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with thePakistan Army,[12] with the Mk-III version being the most recent.[13]
GIDS currently manufactures the Anza.[14]
Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China.[15]
The Anza Mk-I entered service with thePakistan Army in January 1990,[13][16][17] followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.[17] Serial production of Anza Mk-III for thePakistan Army was announced in 2006.
Pakistan has also advertised the Anza series for export,[18] displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in theUnited Arab Emirates[19] and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.[20][21]
The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.[22]
The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.[23] It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.[23] The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.[23]
On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used by the Pakistan Army'sAir Defence Forces to shoot down an IndianMiG-21 andMi-17 duringthe Kargil conflict.[16]
In December 2002, The Indian media sources claimed that their soldiers found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near theLine of Control inKupwara,Kashmir.[24] An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001.[25][26][27]In 2002, Indian media sources again claimed that an Anza MANPAD was fired at anIndian Air ForceAntonov An-32 over theLine of Control; the plane was able to land safely.[28]
In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan ofSaudi Arabia and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.[29]
In November 2008, thePakistan Army conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II[30] in a semi-desert area nearMuzaffargarh[31] in response tocovert attacks on targets in north-west Pakistan by Americanunmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).[32] In the same month, the chief of thePakistan Air Force told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones, but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.[33] In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles[34]
In 2014, it was reported that the Saudi government sought to obtain Anzas in an effort to provide support for anti-Assad forces in Syria.[35]
In June 2015, Small Arms Survey reported that Anzas were used by Libya in 2011.[1]
Libya: Reported to be used in Libya from 2011.[1]
Pakistan: Large numbers of Mk.I, Mk.II and Mk.III are in service with the Pakistani Army.[12]
Malaysia: 100 Anza Mk-I systems, received in 2002.[48] 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered as part of aRM446 million arms deal with Pakistan,[49] used to arm the10th Paratrooper Brigade.[50]
Syria: Anza Mk.-IIs captured from rebels.[51]
Ukraine: Anza Mk-IIs reported to be acquired by the Ukrainian military.[52]| Anza Mk-I[16] | Anza Mk-II[17] | Anza Mk-III[53] | |
| Length (missile and booster) | 1.44 m | 1.447 m | 1.59 m |
| Weight (launcher and missile) | 15 kg | 16.5 kg | 18 kg |
| Missile weight | 9.8 kg | 10.68 kg | 11.32 kg |
| Propulsion | Solid fuel rocket motor (solid fuel booster rocket on launch) | ||
| Guidance | Uncooled PbS passiveinfrared homing seeker | Cooled InSb passiveinfrared homing seeker | Dual-bandinfrared homing seeker |
| Warhead | HE fragmentation (containing 0.37 kg HE) withcontact and graze fusing | HE fragmentation (containing 0.55 kg HE) withcontact and graze fusing | HE fragmentation (containing 1.42 kg HE) withcontact and graze fusing |
| Average cruise speed | 500 m/s | 600 m/s | >600 m/s |
| Max maneuvering | 6 g | 16 g | |
| Self destruction time | 14 to 17 s | 14 to 18 s | |
| Slant range | 1,200 m to 4,200 m | 500 m to 5,000 m | 6,000 m |
| Altitude | 50 m to 2300 m | 30 m to 4,000 m | 10 m to 3,500 m |
| Weapon reaction time | 5 s | 3.5 s | 3.5 s |
| Ready from the march | 10 s | 10 s | 10 s |
| Battery life | 40 s | 50 s | 50 s |
| Surface-to-Surface (SSM) |
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| Air-to-Surface (ASM) |
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| Surface-to-Air (SAM) |
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| Air-to-Air (AAM) |
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| Transporters |
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** = Includes all ship-to-ship, ship-to-sub, sub-to-ship and sub-to-sub torpedoes See also: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||