| Anuruddha อนุรุทธ | |
|---|---|
| King of Arimadhanaburi | |
| King ofDvaravati'sKamalanka | |
| Reign | 665–688 |
| Predecessor | Pú jiā yuè mó |
| Successor | Sai Thong Som |
| Died | Late 7th-c. Nakhon Pathom |
Anuruddha (Thai:อนุรุทธ) was a monarch ofDvaravati’s Arimadhanaburi (อริมัทนบุรี),[1]: 126 [2]: 4 identified by modern scholar withNakhon Pathom.[2]: 4 [3]: 6 He is principally attested in thePaliJinakalamali as the ruler who orchestrated the overthrow ofManohanaraj atAyojjhapura,[1]: 126–7 the principal city ofQiān Zhī Fú atSi Thep.[4]: 30 The account, which also referencesCamadevi ofHaripuñjaya, situates Anuruddha’s reign approximately in the mid to late 7th century.[1]: 128 Some scholars have proposed that his reign extended from 639 to 679,[3]: 6 identifying him withKakabhadra, the founder of theChula Sakarat era.[5]: 241–3 However, this chronology stands in contradiction to the account preserved in theNorthern Chronicle, which records thatKalavarnadisharaja succeeded his fatherKakabhadra at Nakhon Pathom in 641 and subsequently transferred the seat of power toLavo's Lopburi in 648.
During his reign, Anuruddha actively pursued both political and religious legitimacy. Following the military successes ofQiān Zhī Fú’sRajadhiraj, who had previously invadedLampang ofHaripuñjaya and acquired the black stone Buddha images ofSikhī,[1]: 125–6 Anuruddha sought to bring these symbols of sacred authority to Arimadhanaburi. WhenManohanaraj,Rajadhiraj’s successor, refused his request for one of the Sikhī images, Anuruddha launched a decisive campaign againstAyojjhapura, resulting in the capture ofManohanaraj and the transfer of two Sikhī Buddha images to Arimadhanaburi.[1]: 126–7 [2]: 4 Subsequently, Anuruddha returned these Buddha images toHaripuñjaya during the reign ofCamadevi, who then gave it to her son, Hanayos, king ofLampang.[1]: 128 Since the account explicitly involves Hanayos of Lampang, whose accession to the throne is dated to 688 CE (1231 BE),[6] this evidence indicates that Anuruddha’s activities, and by extension his reign, cannot have concluded prior to that year.
Scholarly discussion concerning Anuruddha’s identity has arisen due to phonetic and chronological ambiguities. His name bears a resemblance toAnawrahta, the 11th-century monarch ofPagan,[7]: 124–6 a similarity that has occasionally led to chronological confusion, although the two figures are historically distinct. Some researchers have further proposed a tentative identification of Anuruddha with the precedeKalavarnadisharaja ofLavo.[2]: 4 However, this hypothesis appears temporally inconsistent, as the narrative situates Anuruddha in Nakhon Pathom after the enthronement ofKalavarnadisharaja's daughter,Camadevi, atHaripuñjaya, but in fact, Kalavarnadisharaja ruled at Lavo at the time mentioned.
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