Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1957-08-29)29 August 1957 Desertmartin,County Londonderry, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 2 December 1984(1984-12-02) (aged 27) Kesh, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland |
| Allegiance | Provisional Irish Republican Army |
| Years of service | – 1984 |
| Battles / wars | The Troubles |
Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde (Irish:[mˠəkˈɟɪl̪ˠəˈvʲɾʲiːdʲə] 29 August 1957 – 2 December 1984), EnglishTony orAnthony MacBride (also misspelledMcBride), was aProvisional Irish Republican Army (IRA)volunteer fromDesertmartin,County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.[1] He was shot dead by the British Army in 1984 whilst engaged in an attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary.[2][3]
Mac Giolla Bhrighde was the eldest son of Frank and Nora MacBride.[1] He had two sisters, Marie and Patricia and three brothers, Damian, Lughaidh andOistín.
The MacBride family moved from their South Londonderry home to the Knock Road,Belfast, in 1964. It was then that Mac Giolla Bhrighde was introduced tophysical force republicanism by his maternal grandmother, also called Nora, who was involved in theIrish War of Independence in the 1920s.[1]
The MacBride family later moved to Killowen Street, which is located in a predominantlyloyalist area of east Belfast. The family home was subjected to a number of attacks from loyalists. The attacks came in the form of window breaking and an attempted bombing but culminated in 1972 with the shooting of Mac Giolla Bhrighde and his father Frank.[1]
In May 1972, two loyalist gunmen called to the MacBride family's door and Nora MacBride, who was carrying a baby at the time, went to answer the door. The men duped Mrs. MacBride into opening the door by stating that they were looking for Frank, a building contractor, and were seeking work. When the door was opened the gunmen then saw Frank coming down the narrow hallway to see who was at the door. They opened fire shooting Frank in the shoulder, hand and thighs, then Antoine came out from a side room to protect his father and was shot in the leg. Frank MacBride was hit by 12 bullets and never recovered from the attack, dying 17 months later.[4][5][6]
Immediately after the shooting the family moved toNewtownards,County Down, and in the mid-1970s Mac Giolla Bhrighde left Northern Ireland to join theIrish Army in the Republic of Ireland. The McBride family then moved again, this time returning to their nativeCounty Londonderry. Mac Giolla Bhrighde served in the Irish Army for less than a year before being court-martialed for desertion and was dishonourably discharged.[6]
After dismissal from theIrish Army, Mac Giolla Bhrighde joined the South Derry Brigade of the IRA, and was active in rural areas ofCounty Londonderry. In 1979 he was stopped byRoyal Ulster Constabulary officers nearMagherafelt while in possession of a rifle, and was detained atStrabane police station, being subsequently imprisoned for three years.[6]
He was noted for his hard line militarism in the early 1980s, and supported a strategy of forming full-time IRA guerrilla units orflying columns based in the Republic, which would carry out four or five large-scale attacks across the border into Northern Ireland a year, retreating back across the border into the Republic of Ireland after each attack, to deny British Forces the chance for fully engaging them. This strategy was espoused by the militantProvisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade led byPadraig McKearney andJim Lynagh, who wanted an escalation of the conflict to what they termedtotal war. They were opposed byKevin McKenna, the IRA Chief of Staff, and by the republican leadership based aroundGerry Adams, on the grounds that actions of that scale were too big a risk and unsustainable. The IRA leadership wanted a smaller scale campaign of attrition, supplemented by political campaigning bySinn Féin.[7]
After his release from prison Mac Giolla Bhrighde, who had made a number of friends and contacts in Norway, became involved in providing information for theIrish republican cause throughoutScandinavia.[1][8]
After returning from a trip to Norway, in the early hours of Sunday morning on 2 December 1984 Mac Giolla Bhrighde andCiaran Fleming stole aToyota van inPettigo,County Donegal, in the Republic of Ireland. The van was then loaded with 9 beer kegs, each containing 100 lbs of low explosives, which they drove across the border into Northern Ireland toKesh, a village in the north ofCounty Fermanagh. At the Drumrush Lodge Restaurant, just outside Kesh, they planted a landmine in a lane leading to the restaurant and wired up a device which was connected to an observation point. Having set this ambush, a hoax call was made to the Royal Ulster Constabulary to lure theBritish Army to the restaurant on the pretence that there was a firebomb planted within it. After a while Mac Giolla Bhrighde saw a Royal Ulster Constabulary police vehicle approaching the restaurant, and gave the detonation code word "one", however, on switching the electric trigger the mine failed to detonate. There was another car parked in the car park which Mac Giolla Bhrighde believed contained civilians, and he left the stolen van from which he was observing to warn them to leave the area.[9]
According to the republican sources, when he approached the car twoSpecial Air Service (SAS) soldiers got out and ordered him to halt and drop his gun. Mac Giolla Bhrighde, who was unarmed, informed the SAS of this and then one of the SAS men stepped forward and shot him on his left side. After which he was then handcuffed and shot dead.[1][10] However, according toCAIN, there was a gun battle at the scene of the attempted bombing between a number of IRA men and British troops, in which Mac Giolla Bhrighde was killed in the exchange of fire. A British Army soldier,SergeantAl Slater, of theSpecial Air Service was killed in the fire-fight.Charles "Nish" Bruce served withAl Slater on this operation. His autobiography,Freefall, under the pseudonymTom Read, accounts in detail the exchange of fire and the respective deaths of both Slater and Mac Giolla Bhrighde.[11] Mac Giolla Bhrighde's companionCiarán Fleming drowned in the swollen Bannagh River as he fled the scene attempting to escape Crown forces pursuit.[2][9][12]
The British Army officially listed Slater as a member of theParachute Regiment, however, an obituary appeared in the SAS magazine,Mars & Minerva, stating that Slater was a member of 7 Troop (Free Fall) 'B' Squadron of the SAS.[13]
In 2002 a controversy occurred when a memorial to Mac Giolla Bhrighde, Fleming andJoe MacManus was sited close to the place whereProtestant workmen William Hassard and Frederick Love were killed by the IRA in 1988.[5][14][15] A Sinn Féin spokesman stated that "The families of Ciaran Fleming, Joseph McManus and Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde, the three IRA men commemorated by the monument, had given the go-ahead for the structure to be moved".[16]
TheRepublican Sinn Féin party branch in Glenade,County Leitrim is known as theKieran Fleming/Tony McBride Cumann after Ciaran Fleming and Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde.[17]