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Anthroponymy (alsoanthroponymics oranthroponomastics, fromAncient Greek ἄνθρωποςanthrōpos, 'human', and ὄνομαonoma, 'name') is the study ofanthroponyms, theproper names ofhuman beings, both individual and collective.[1] Anthroponymy is a branch ofonomastics.
Anthroponymists follow certain principles, rules and criteria when researching anthroponyms. The methods used for research are divided into two major categories: the collecting of anthroponymic information and the analysis and interpretation of anthroponyms. The collection of anthroponymic information includes: inscriptions, documents,onomastics-tax records, dictionaries, phone books,monographs, and websites, which are used afterward for mapping purposes. The analysis and interpretation of anthroponyms take into account the processing of the collection of the information gathered, which consists oflinguistic analysis, comparative-historical method,geographical method, andstatistical method.[6]
Anthroponyms of individuals can also be classified according togender. Names of human males are calledandronyms (fromAncient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name),[7] while names of human females are calledgynonyms (fromAncient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name).[8]
Anthroponymy of group and population names includes the study ofdemonyms (names of localized populations),[9]ethnonyms (names of ethnic groups),[10] as well astribal names andclan names.
Anthroponymy is a socio-cultural tool that can be used to find out about an individual'sculture. Through the name of a person, theirnationality, as well as theirhistory, can be traced. Anthroponyms have both a national and cultural significance as they guarantee the preservation oflinguistics,cultural, andhistorical information.[citation needed]
deanthroponymization, a process when an anthroponym becomes anapellative, like when the surname of the inventorLouis Braille was used to create a name for the writing system for visually impaired persons (braille).[12]
transonymization of anthroponyms intotoponyms, a process when a human proper name is used to form atoponym (proper name of a locality; place name), thus creating ananthropotoponym, like when the name ofAlexander the Great was used to create severalastionyms (city names), including for the newly created city ofAlexandria in ancientHellenistic Egypt, or when the surname ofChristopher Columbus was used to create severalchoronyms (region names), including names for the South American state ofColombia, and the Canadian province ofBritish Columbia.[13]
transonymization of toponyms into anthroponyms, a process when toponyms (place names) are used to form human names (anthroponyms), thus creating varioustopoanthroponyms.[14] Manysurnames are created in this way, and they are known astoponymic surnames. Mostdemonyms (names for localized populations) aretopoanthroponyms by formation, since they are usually created from toponyms, and also someethnonyms aretopoanthroponyms too (those that are formed from toponyms, and thus referred to astopoethnonyms).[15] For example, geographic designations for the region ofBlack Mountain (Montenegro) and frontier region ofUkraina (Ukraine) were used to create not only demonyms for general populations for those regions, but also ethnonyms for modernethnic Montenegrins andethnic Ukrainians.[16]
^Boamfa, Ionel (2017)."RESEARCH METHODOLOGY".4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on Social Sciences & Arts SGEM 2017: |page=8 – via Research gate.
