Ansan 안산시 | |
|---|---|
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| • Hangul | 안산시 |
| • Hanja | 安山市 |
| • Revised Romanization | Ansan-si |
| • McCune–Reischauer | Ansan-si |
 Ansan Culture Square  Choi Yongshin Memorial Hall  Ansan Lake Park | |
 Flag  Emblem of Ansan | |
 Location in South Korea | |
| Coordinates:37°19′0″N126°50′0″E / 37.31667°N 126.83333°E /37.31667; 126.83333 | |
| Country |  South Korea |
| Region | Gyeonggi Province (Sudogwon) |
| First mention | 940 |
| City status | 1986 |
| Administrative divisions | 2 gu, 25 dong |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Lee Min-Geun (People Power Party) |
| Area | |
• Total | 149.39 km2 (57.68 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Population (july 2025[1]) | |
• Total | 614,772 |
| • Density | 4,115.2/km2 (10,658/sq mi) |
| • Dialect | Seoul |
| Postal code | 425020-426910 |
| Area code | (+82) 31 |
| Bird | Chinese egret[2] |
| Flower | Rose |
| Tree | Ginkgo |
| Website | ansan.go.kr |
Ansan (Korean: 안산,Korean pronunciation:[an.san]) is acity inGyeonggi Province, South Korea. It lies southwest ofSeoul and is part of theSeoul Metropolitan Area. It is connected to Seoul by rail viaSeoul Subway Line 4. It is situated on theYellow Sea coast and some islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these isDaebu Island.
Several higher learning institutions are located in Ansan. They includeAnsan University,Shin Ansan University,Seoul Institute of the Arts, the ERICA campus ofHanyang University, and theSeoul Institute of the Arts. TheKorea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency, has also been headquartered in Ansan since June 3, 2002.[3][4] With its high number of foreign workers, Wongokbon-dong has been designated as a multicultural area.[5] In 2021, Ansan was selected as the largest residential area for foreigners and it is seeking designation as a special multicultural city.[6] Street play festival is held every year in Ansan.
The first humans in Ansan were in theNew Stone Age, and manyshell middens and prehistoric remains were found atOido, Sihwaho, Chojidong andDaebudo.[7][8] In the Seonbu-dong and Wolpi-dong area, over 10 stonedolmen tombs could be found.[9]: 28 Also in 1995,Old Stone Age relics were found while constructing theSeohaean Expressway.[10][11] Most dolmens in Ansan are northdolmen, but thedolmen in Seonbu-dong are table-shaped and another table-shaped tomb was found in Hakon-dong,Gwangmyeong. There are many ancient relics found in the city.[12][13]
Not much evidence or antiquities survive from theProto-Three Kingdoms andSamhan periods are in Ansan and nearby areas.[9]: 29 TheMahan confederacy inChen Shou inRecords of the Three Kingdoms preserves writings about thechiefdom state.[12][14] Ansan was in communion withBaekje but very little has been saved.
In the Later Three Kingdoms era, the Ansan area was owned byTaebong (also known as Hugoguryeo, "LaterGoguryeo") inSillaHyogong's 4th year (AD 900).[9]: 31 After then,Gung Ye, who was the ruler ofTaebong, was overthrown byWang Geon, and the Ansan area was turned over toGoryeo, founded by Wang Geon. First, theGung Ye Ganggu-gun was changed to Ansan-gun but the state of the military was preserved.
Ansan belonged to Gyeonggijwa-do (leftGyeonggi Province) in theJoseon period.Taejo's 5th year (AD 1396), Ansan-eoso (meaning Ansan fishery) that is now under the direct control of a detached building of Saongwon (the Department of foods and meals in the Joseon dynasty) was set up.[9]: 32 After Gyeonggijwa-do and Gyeonggiwo-do (rightGyeonggi province) were unified inTeajong's 2nd year (AD 1402), Ansan was still called Ansan. Under Teajong's 13th (1413), the whole country was detached into eightprovinces.
Until 1914, Ansan and the southern part of today'sSiheung consisted of Ansan County. In 1914, Ansan County was annexed to Siheung County. This region produced high-quality salt from ancient times and valuable marine products. Ansan was then a fishing village.[15]In 1986, several towns of Hwaseong county became incorporated, representing the beginning of Ansan as a city. With currently over 700,000 residents, Ansan now has two distinct and separate districts:[16] Danwon, which has 12 dongs as of 2009, and Sangnok, with 13.
Ansan is located in the southwest ofGyeonggi Province and is situated on the coast of theYellow Sea (locally calledWest Sea), at37°19′N126°50′E / 37.317°N 126.833°E /37.317; 126.833. Portions of various Yellow Sea islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these isDaebu Island, also known as "Daebudo".
Large portions of Ansan, over 100 sq miles, are reclaimed wetlands, part of the Saemangeum land reclamation project known asAnsan Reed Marshy Park.[17]
Located at the south of the city (but within its jurisdiction) are islands ofDaebudo[18] andPungdo.[19] On land, the city boundaries is marked by the town ofGunpo to the east of Ansan,Anyang to north-east,Siheung to the north andHwaseong to the south.
Ansan has a monsoon-influencedhumid continental climate (Köppen:Dwa) with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers.
| Climate data for Ansan (1993–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 5.2 (41.4) | 11.1 (52.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.4 (84.9) | 30.6 (87.1) | 26.6 (79.9) | 20.4 (68.7) | 12.4 (54.3) | 4.5 (40.1) | 17.6 (63.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) | −0.6 (30.9) | 4.7 (40.5) | 11.0 (51.8) | 16.6 (61.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 20.6 (69.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 6.2 (43.2) | −0.9 (30.4) | 11.6 (52.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) | −6.4 (20.5) | −1.4 (29.5) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.6 (51.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.6 (70.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 0.5 (32.9) | −6.4 (20.5) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 15.1 (0.59) | 25.6 (1.01) | 35.7 (1.41) | 67.5 (2.66) | 76.4 (3.01) | 100.7 (3.96) | 321.7 (12.67) | 225.9 (8.89) | 124.9 (4.92) | 47.3 (1.86) | 44.0 (1.73) | 19.0 (0.75) | 1,103.8 (43.46) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 12.8 | 11.2 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 7.0 | 5.4 | 81 |
| Source:Korea Meteorological Administration[20] | |||||||||||||
According to the South Korean Ministry of Justice, Ansan'sDanwon District is the district which has the largest foreign population in Korea, with 68,119 residents followed by Siheung (66,103), Hwaseong (59,942), Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul (48,682), Guro-gu, Seoul (48,343), Pyeongtaek (42,243), and Asan, South Chungcheong (35,567 people).[21]
| Group | Population | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Chaoxianzu | 48,082 | ||
| Chinese | 10,781 | ||
| Uzbek | 10,118 | ||
| Koryo saram | 7,631 | ||
| Kazakh | 3,808 | ||
| Vietnam | 2,415 | ||
| Russian | 1,604 | ||
| other | 11,930 | ||
TheAnsan Line is a major rail line in Ansan and is part of theSeoul Metropolitan Subway asLine 4. Service connects fromOido toJinjeop inNamyangju. The subway is also connected to the public bus system in Ansan. Previously, the first railroad in the city was theSuin Line which was opened byKorea under Japanese rule.In mid-2020, the Suin Bundang line started operations, connecting Suwon and Ansan which expanded the living space in Ansan.
Currently,Seohae Line starts from Ansan toSosa station in Bucheon. But theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is extended toGoyang throughGimpo International Airport station.[22] It was planned to be completed by 2023 and extended Seohae Line officially opened on 1 July 2023.[23]
TheShin Ansan Line will connectYeouido to Ansan in 2024. It will take only 30 minutes from Yeouido to Ansan[24][25] Also, theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is considering extending toSeoul Station.[26]
TheAnsan Bus Terminal [ko] (안산종합버스터미널) nearAnsan station provides daily bus service toIncheon International Airport and most cities in South Korea includingGimhae,Busan. Buses travel viaGimpo International Airport andIncheon International Airport. Express buses to Iksan, Dongdaegu, andGwangju are also available.[27] NearSangnoksu station are buses going toSuwon station andGangnam station. Ansan has 53 bus lines with 537 buses operating in and out of the city limits, connecting the city with Seoul and other outlying Gyeonggi cities. The Ansan transfer center also has express city buses, city buses, and intercity buses to link to Banwol industrial estate, Sihwa lake, and nearby cities.
Pedalro is a public bicycle system in Ansan. There are 101 Pedalro stations in Ansan. This is run on a membership basis.[28] However, due to high cost for maintenance, Ansan discontinued the public bicycle service in 2021.[29]
TheKorea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency in South Korea, is headquartered in Ansan.[3] Other major institutions in Ansan include:
The administrative district of Ansan is parted into 25 dong, 1187 tong, and 5884 ban. The extent of Ansan is 149.06 km2 (Sangnok-gu: 57.83 km2 Danwon-gu: 91.23 km2).[34] The population standard was 281,829households and 761,279 people at the end of 2012, of which the Korean citizen population was 715,108 with 43,465 foreigners recorded.[35]
| Borough | Administrative dong | Hangul (Korean) | Chinese character | extent | household | population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sangnok District 상록구 常綠區 | Il-dong | 일동 | 一洞 | 2.41 | 11,215 | 23,003 |
| I-dong | 이동 | 二洞 | 2.44 | 13,884 | 22,466 | |
| Sa 1-dong | 사1동 | 四洞 | 2.36 | 16,749 | 39,594 | |
| Sa 2-dong | 사2동 | 3.65 | 12,740 | 36,395 | ||
| Sa 3-dong | 사3동 | 3.68 | 7,147 | 20,835 | ||
| Bono-dong | 본오동 | 本五洞 | 6.45 | 17,589 | 43,811 | |
| Bono-2 dong | 본오2동 | 0.82 | 12,300 | 33,038 | ||
| Bono-3 dong | 본오3동 | 1.1 | 9,992 | 25,268 | ||
| Bugok-dong | 부곡동 | 釜谷洞 | 6.22 | 8,832 | 22,775 | |
| Wolpi-dong | 월피동 | 月陂洞 | 5.54 | 17,394 | 35,681 | |
| Seongpo-dong | 성포동 | 聲浦洞 | 1.7 | 9,767 | 30,250 | |
| Banwol-dong | 반월동 | 半月洞 | 13.16 | 8,077 | 16,574 | |
| Ansan-dong | 안산동 | 安山洞 | 8.36 | 3,842 | 10,026 | |
| Danwon District 단원구 檀園區 | Wadong | 와동 | 瓦洞 | 3.23 | 19,372 | 36,020 |
| Gojan-1 dong | 고잔1동 | 古棧洞 | 1.75 | 9,282 | 24,548 | |
| Gojan-2 dong | 고잔2동 | 1.87 | 9,650 | 25,465 | ||
| Hosu dong | 호수동 | 湖水洞 | 2.48 | 14,723 | 42,346 | |
| Wongokbon-dong | 원곡본동 | 元谷洞 | 8.12 | 14,884 | 49,007 | |
| Wongok-1 dong | 원곡1동 | 0.95 | 4,399 | 16,034 | ||
| Wongok-2 dong | 원곡2동 | 0.56 | 5,323 | 17,058 | ||
| Choji-dong | 초지동 | 草芝洞 | 21.16 | 17,720 | 45,416 | |
| Seonbu-1 dong | 선부1동 | 仙府洞 | 0.86 | 7,544 | 16,880 | |
| Seonbu-2 dong | 선부2동 | 2.07 | 11,619 | 27,390 | ||
| Seonbu-3 dong | 선부3동 | 5.81 | 13,774 | 37,439 | ||
| Dea-bu dong | 대부동 | 大阜洞 | 42.37 | 3,614 | 7,384 |
Ansan hadHyanggyo, nationally sponsored schools, throughout theJoseon period andGoryeo. Modern institutions of higher learning located in Ansan includeAnsan University,Shin Ansan University,Seoul Institute of the Arts, and the ERICA campus ofHanyang University.
List of universities in Ansan:
There are 24 high schools, 29 middle schools, 54 elementary schools and 96 kindergartens in the city.[41]Danwon High School in Ansan was particularly affected by theSinking of the MV Sewol in 2014 as a large number of the passengers were students from the school, and city streets featured many ribbon memorials and other markers and ceremonies for the disaster.[42] Ansan Seo Elementary School a.k.a.Ansan West Elementary School [ko] inWongok-dong has a multicultural program with students from other countries, a rarity in South Korean education.[43]
Because Ansan is a planned city built behind the Ansan Smart Hub following the government's industrial planning, the proportion of agriculture in the Ansan economy is very low. Meanwhile, as the government promoted a manufacturing industry plan in the Ansan area before Ansan was built, many people work in the manufacturing industry. There are two national industrial complexes, Banwol and Sihwa, as well as the local Banwol plating industrial complex.[44][45][46]
In the past, Ansan had fewer attractions and a poor reputation due to its industrial and fishing roots, but the east side of the city has recently experienced several beautification projects. The canal systems which bisect the city have bicycling and walking paths, and are covered with roses, tulips, andcherry blossoms in spring. A community bicycle system sponsored by the city is also available for park access and riding. Nowadays, Ansan has many museums and galleries, such as the Ansan Culture and Arts Center, Seongho Memorial Hall, Danwon Sculpture Park, and Hwarang Public Garden. Ansan has run city bus tours for cultural heritage sightseeing since 2008.[47][48][49][50]
The Jet-mer-ri village deity is held every year in the Jet-mer-ri shrine to the village deity from 1984, and since 1987 the Beal-Mang-Sung art festival is held. Also, since 1991 the Danwon art festival and since 1996 the Sung-ho cultural festival is held. TheAnsan Street Arts Festival is held in Ansan Culture Square in May since 2005. Other festivals in Ansan include:
Historical monuments and structures in Ansan include:
Modern monuments and cultural institutions in Ansan include:
Ansan is home to several parks, including:
Large and small stadiums have been founded from the 1990s on in Ansan.[104] Major sports events in the city take place at theAnsan Wa~ Stadium.[105][106]
The city was home toShinhan Bank S-Bird Woman's Basketball Team (member of theWomen's Korean Basketball League).[107] The team moved toIncheon in 2014.[108] It was also a home to the now-defunctNational League soccer clubAnsan Hallelujah.
Ansan is also home toAnsan OK Financial Group Okmanvolleyball club. They are members of theV-League.[109]
Ansan established a professionalfootball team called theAnsan Greeners FC.[110] In its first year, the team also received the "Plus Stadium"[111] award and the "Full Stadium" award.[112] At present (April 10, 2018), the Ansan Grinders FC has placed second.[113]
Anshan,Liaoning, China[117]
Kholmsk, Russia[117]
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States[117]Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia[117][118]
Aachen, Germany[117]
Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam[117]Baise,Guangxi, China[117]Leshan,Sichuan, China[117]
San Fernando, Philippines[117]
Tauranga, New Zealand[117]Yantai,Shandong, China[117]
Vientiane, Laos[117]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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