| Anomalisa | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | |
| Written by | Charlie Kaufman |
| Based on | Anomalisa by Charlie KaufmanFF |
| Produced by |
|
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Joe Passarelli |
| Edited by | Garret Elkins |
| Music by | Carter Burwell |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures[1] |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 90 minutes[2] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $8 million[3] |
| Box office | $5.7 million[3] |
Anomalisa is a 2015 Americanadult animated film directed byCharlie Kaufman andDuke Johnson from a screenplay by Kaufman, based on his 2005 audio play of the same name that explores theFregoli delusion, a term Kaufman used as apen name for himself.[4][5] It incorporates elements ofpsychological drama,romantic comedy, andself-reflexive fiction, in a similar vein as Kaufman's filmEternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.Anomalisa follows the British middle-agedcustomer service expert Michael Stone (David Thewlis), who perceives everyone (Tom Noonan) as identical except for Lisa Hesselman (Jennifer Jason Leigh), whom he meets in aCincinnati hotel.
Kaufman's audio play premiered in Los Angeles, and featured the voices of Thewlis, Noonan, and Leigh. He opposed adapting the play into a film, fearing loss of artistic merit, but began exploring the idea in 2012 after incorporating edits to the script. Filming faced delays asStarburns Industries initially secured production funding onKickstarter only to adapt the play as ashort film, withstop-motion animation beginning in late 2013. The filmmakers faced struggles with animation technology, a notoriously laborious medium. This was alleviated afterParamount Pictures joined production, enabling the film to be expanded to a feature.
Anomalisa premiered at theTelluride Film Festival on September 4, 2015, and was theatrically released in the U.S. on December 30 byParamount Pictures. The film received critical acclaim, with praise for its screenplay, direction, and thematic content. It was nominated for anAcademy Award for Best Animated Feature, the first R-rated animated film to be nominated in this category,[6] and was nominated for theGolden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film. It won theGrand Jury Prize at the72nd Venice International Film Festival, the first animated film to do so.[7]
In 2005, middle-agedEnglish-born lonelycustomer service expert andmotivational speaker Michael Stone travels toCincinnati, Ohio to promote his latest book at a convention at the Fregoli Hotel. He feels distant from everyone around him, whom he perceives as having an identical face and voice, including his wife and son.
Michael practices his speech in his room but is haunted by the memory of an angry letter from a former lover, Bella, whom he abruptly left years ago without an explanation. He arranges to meet her in the hotel bar, but she is still upset and outraged by his invitation to his room, eventually storming out. Going for a walk, Michael mistakes anadult toy store for a children's toy store. Wanting to buy his son a present, he goes in and realizes his mistake, but is fascinated by aJapaneseanimatronicdoll behind the counter.
While taking a shower, Michael hears a unique female voice and rushes from his room to find her. He meets Lisa, an insecure young woman attending the convention with her friend and co-worker Emily. Enraptured by her unique appearance and voice, he invites both women for drinks at the bar. Later, to Lisa's surprise, Michael invites her to his room. Still captivated, he encourages her to sing and tell him about her life. She singsCyndi Lauper's "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" and after she calls herself an "anomaly", he nicknames her Anomalisa. The two become intimate and eventually have sex.
Michael has a nightmare in which the lower half of his face falls off and the identical people of the world pursue him, claiming they love him and insisting he and Lisa cannot be together. The dream inspires Michael to propose he and Lisa start a new life together. She agrees, but her eating habits during breakfast annoy him, and her voice and face begin to transform into those of everyone else. During his convention speech, Michael suffers abreakdown, claiming he has no one to talk to and ranting about the American government, alienating the audience.
Michael returns to his home inLos Angeles, California. He gives the Japanese animatronic doll to his son who is nonplussed and notices a mysterious substance leaking from it. His wife notes its resemblance to semen but dismisses it nonchalantly. She has arranged a surprise party for Michael, but he does not recognize any of the attendees, angering her. Michael sits alone on the stairs as the doll, bearing facial damage in the same locations as Lisa's facial scarring, sings "Momotarō's Song", a Japanese children's song. Lisa writes Michael a letter, saying she hopes they will meet again while Emily, sitting beside her in her car, has her unique face.
_(cropped).jpg)
The first version ofAnomalisa was written and performed in 2005 for the Los Angeles run of "Theater of the New Ear", described as "a concert for music and text, or a set of 'sound plays'" byCarter Burwell, who commissioned and scored them.[8] It was a double bill with Kaufman'sHope Leaves the Theater, and replacedSawbones, by theCoen Brothers, from the earlier New York run, after that play's actors were unavailable.[9] ThisAnomalisa was credited to thepen name Francis Fregoli, a reference to theFregoli delusion, a disorder centered around the belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise.[5] The 2005 performance had Thewlis and Leigh sitting on opposite sides of the stage, with Noonan in the middle; Burwell conducted the Parabola Ensemble, and there was afoley artist.[8][10]
Kaufman was initially opposed to turning the play into an animated film, saying that the play had "a disconnect between what's being said on stage and what the audience is seeing – there's Tom playing all these characters, there's Jennifer and David having sex while they're really just standing across the stage from each other and moaning. You'd lose that". The film was reinvented, although its script was described byThe Guardian as "virtually the same" as that of the original play.[11]
The film's production company, Starburns Industries, sought funding onKickstarter to "produce this unique and beautiful film outside of the typical Hollywood studio system," where the company believed the film would be inevitably changed from its initial conception. Initially pitched as a short film "approximately 40 minutes in length", the team set a funding goal of $200,000. By the end of the campaign, 5,770 backers had pledged $406,237 to the project.[12] After the success of the Kickstarter initiative, additional funding was secured by the film's production company, Starburns Industries, and the film was expanded tofeature length.[13]
The puppets were created with3D printers,[14] with multiple copies of each character. Eighteen Michaels and six Lisas were created.[15] Johnson recounted that the team was told that such realistic puppets would be "disturbing and off-putting", but disagreed, saying that the nature of stop-motion film, with human hands moving puppets for each frame, brought "organic life" to the medium.[11] One goal of the film was for viewers to "forget they were looking at something animated and just get wrapped up in the scene", he said; "the challenge we felt with so much animated stuff is that you're always conscious of the animation, and we kept asking, 'What if we could escape that? What would it be like?'".[14]
Kaufman and Johnson have described the process of stop-motion animation as "laborious" and found challenges in making the puppets look lifelike and relatable.[16] Animator Dan Driscoll said they found people on whom to model the puppets, studied human movement and facial expressions to produce a precise result, created the puppets and built the sets, and finally placed the puppets on the sets and moved them frame by frame to create the illusion of movement.[16] Kaufman said the medium of stop-motion underpins the narrative ofAnomalisa by drawing attention to small details viewers would not notice in a live-action film.[17] The film was in production for more than two years.[15]
Anomalisa had its world premiere at theTelluride Film Festival on September 4, 2015.[18] The film went on to screen at theVenice Film Festival on September 8[19] and theToronto International Film Festival on September 15.[20] Shortly after,Paramount Pictures acquired its worldwide distribution rights.[21] The film had alimited release on December 30, 2015[19] and awider release in January.[22]
The film'sDVD andBlu-ray packs were released on June 7, 2016.[23] The Blu-ray Combo Pack with Digital HD includes an in-depth look at the filmmaking process with Kaufman and Johnson and three behind-the-scenes features, including an extended look at the production process and deeper themes of the story. Looks at thesound design and the ground-breaking techniques used to create one of the film's most intricate and intimate scenes are also shown.[24] In the Blu-ray pack, thanks to theDTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 used in the film's production, ambient sound effects such as the hotel bar background can be perfectly heard and combined with the dialogue.[25]
OnRotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 275 reviews, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Anomalisa marks another brilliant and utterly distinctive highlight in Charlie Kaufman's filmography, and a thought-provoking treat for fans of introspective cinema."[26] The film also has aweighted average score of 88 out of 100 onMetacritic based on 46 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[27]
InTime Out David Calhoun awarded the film five out of five stars and wrote, "It's what you imagine might have happened if Charlie Kaufman had got his hands onUp in the Air orLost in Translation."[28] Drew McWeeny ofHitfix called it "the most shattering experiment yet from Charlie Kaufman" and graded it an A+.[29]LA Weekly's Amy Nicholson gave the film an A and wrote, "Kaufman is taking our brains apart and showing us the gears."[30]The Guardian'sPeter Bradshaw gave the film five out of five, naming it his film of the week, and wrote: "It is really funny, and incidentally boasts one of the most extraordinarily real sex scenes in film history. It also scared me the way a top-notch horror or a sci-fi dystopia might ... Is there anyone else in the movies doing such unique and extraordinary work?"[31]
Observer criticMark Kermode gaveAnomalisa three out of five, writing: "Sometimes it falls apart ... But there's something magical about the malaise which raises this above mere misanthropy—a heightened sense of fragile life that perhaps only puppets could hope to achieve."[32] Stephanie Zacharek ofTime wrote: "Once you start reckoning withAnomalisa's obsession with self-absorption, the novelty of this one-man pity party begins to wear off."[33]
Anomalisa was listed on numerous critics' top ten lists for 2015.[34][35]
| Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Animated Feature Film | Charlie Kaufman,Duke Johnson, andRosa Tran | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Animated Feature Film | Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson | |
| Golden Reel Awards[37] | Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue & ADR in an Animation Feature Film | Aaron Glacock, Christopher S. Aud, MPSE | |
| Critics Choice Awards | Best Animated Feature | Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson | |
| Annie Awards | Best Animated Feature | Rosa Tran, Duke Johnson, Charlie Kaufman andDino Stamatopoulos | |
| Best Directing in a Feature Production | Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson | ||
| Best Music in a Feature Production | Carter Burwell | ||
| Best Voice Acting in a Feature Production | Jennifer Jason Leigh | ||
| Best Editing in a Feature Production | Garret Elkins | ||
| Austin Fantastic Fest | Best Director | Duke Johnson and Charlie Kaufman | Won |
| Fantastic Features | |||
| Golden Tomato Awards[38] | Best Animated Movie 2015 | Anomalisa | 3rd Place |
| Independent Spirit Award | Best Feature | Nominated | |
| Best Director | Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson | ||
| Best Screenplay | Charlie Kaufman | ||
| Best Supporting Female | Jennifer Jason Leigh | ||
| American Cinema Editors | Best Edited Animated Feature Film | Garret Elkins | |
| Mill Valley Film Festival | Audience Award | Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson | Won |
| Toronto Film Critics | Best Animated Film | Runner-up | |
| Venice Film Festival | Grand Special Jury Prize | Won | |
| Future Film Festival Digital Award | |||
| Golden Lion | Nominated | ||
| Green Drop Award | |||
| Austin Film Critics Association Awards | Best Film | ||
| Best Animated Film | |||
| Top 10 Best films | 4th Place | ||
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists Awards | Best Depiction of Nudity, Sexuality, or Seduction | David Thewlis and Jennifer Jason Leigh (tied withCarol) | Won |
| Best Animated Film | Nominated | ||
| Village Voice Film Poll | Best Animated Film | Anomalisa | 2nd Place |
| Best Film | Nominated | ||
| Best Screenplay | 4th Place | ||
| Satellite Awards | Best Animated or Mixed Media Film | Nominated | |
| Saturn Awards[39] | Best Animated Film |
Media from Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
Data from Wikidata