Annie Dodge Wauneka | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Annie Dodge April 11, 1910 Deer Spring, nearSawmill,Arizona Territory, U.S. |
| Died | November 10, 1997(1997-11-10) (aged 87) Toyei, Arizona, U.S. |
| Known for | Native American activist |
| Office | Navajo Nation Council |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 6–10 |
| Parent(s) | Henry Chee Dodge K'eehabah |
| Awards | Presidential Medal of Freedom Navajo Medal of Honor Indian Council Fire Achievement Award |
Annie Dodge Wauneka (née Dodge; April 11, 1910 – November 10, 1997) was an influential member of theNavajo Nation as member of theNavajo Nation Council.[1] As a member and three term head of the council's Health and Welfare Committee, she worked to improve the health and education of the Navajo. Wauneka is widely known for her countless efforts to improve health on the Navajo Nation, focusing mostly on the eradication of tuberculosis within her nation. She also authored a dictionary, in which translated English medical terms into the Navajo language.[2] She was awarded thePresidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 byLyndon B. Johnson as well as the Indian Council Fire Achievement Award and the Navajo Medal of Honor.[3] She also received an honorary doctorate in Humanities (public health) from theUniversity of New Mexico.[4][5] In 2000, Wauneka was inducted into theNational Women's Hall of Fame.[6]
Annie Dodge was the daughter of the Navajo leaderHenry Chee Dodge and his third partner K'eehabah, or Mary Shirley Begaye, of Deer Spring, Arizona.[1][7] K'eehabah was forced to associate with Chee and unwillingly lived with him, often returning to her family in the Deer Spring area. It was during this time Annie was born, approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) south of current-daySawmill, Arizona. When Annie was a year old, she moved in with her father's family and was raised by her step-mother Nanabah and aunt Asdza Yazzie.[7] At the age of five, Annie began helping her father herd various farm animals including horses, donkeys, and goats.[8] In the summers, Annie would routinely visit her mother who also herded sheep. Annie also had a half-sister and five half brothers in Deer Spring, where their descendants still live today.
In 1918 at the age of 8, she was sent to the Bureau of Indian Affairs Boarding School inFort Defiance, Arizona, where she learned the English language. During that first year at school, the1918 Spanish influenza pandemic struck the students and faculty. Annie recovered from a mild case of the flu and stayed at the school to help care for the other student flu victims. This experience helped inspire her later interest in public health.[1] Annie would experience another epidemic during her fourth grade year when an outbreak of trachoma struck the Fort Defiance area. Following the outbreak, many students, including Annie, were sent to the nearby St. Michaels Catholic Mission.[7] Beginning in the sixth grade, Annie attended theAlbuquerque Indian School inAlbuquerque, New Mexico. She attended the Albuquerque Indian School until she completed her studies in the eleventh grade.
Later in her life, Annie received a bachelor's degree in public health from theUniversity of Arizona inTucson, Arizona. She was also awarded with an honorary doctorate from theUniversity of New Mexico.[7]
During her time attending the Albuquerque Indian School, Annie met George Wauneka, whom she would later marry in 1929.[7]
Following graduation Annie married George Wauneka and traveled around the Navajo nation with her father. Seeing the lack of medical treatment and poverty Annie found her calling. In 1951, she became the second woman to be elected to the Tribal Council, afterLilly Neil.[9][10][notes 1] She was immediately appointed head of the council's Health and Welfare Committee. She served in that committee for her 27 years in the council and served as its head for three terms. Wauneka accomplished much during her years on the council including translating medical terms into Navajo, a radio show explaining health issues, and better care for the community. Her work improved care for pregnant women, babies, eye and ear health, and alcoholism. Sanitation and housing improved under her term in the council. In 1953, her husband was running for the position that Wauneka had been holding, but she felt he was not a good candidate, so she ran against him and defeated him.[4]
Wauneka died at a nursing home inToyei, Arizona, on November 10, 1997.[11]
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