Annibale Padovano (1527 – March 15, 1575) was an Italian composer andorganist of the lateRenaissanceVenetian School. He was one of the earliest developers of the keyboardtoccata.
Padovano was born in Padua — hence his name — but little is known about his early life. He first appears atSt. Mark's inVenice on November 30, 1552, when he was hired as first organist at an annual salary of 40 ducats. He stayed at this post until 1565. St. Mark's at this time also began to employ a second organist (it wasClaudio Merulo for the last eight years of Padovano's tenure), which allowed two simultaneous, spatially separated organs to perform in the huge space of the cathedral: this was a key development in music of the Venetian school, which was already using spatially separated choirs of voices. Merulo took over the job of first organist when Padovano left.
In 1566, Padovano left Venice to go to theHabsburg court inGraz. Many Venetian musicians left their native area to seek their fortunes in Habsburg domains, which generally remained friendly to Venice. Padovano became the director of music at Graz in 1570, and died there five years later.
Although Padovano published a book ofmotets, a book ofmasses, and two books ofmadrigals, he is mainly remembered for his instrumental music. He was a notable early composer ofricercars, a predecessor of thefugue; many of the themes he used derived fromplainchant, but he included considerable ornamentation in the melodic lines. In addition he often broke the theme up for motivic development in a surprisingly "modern" way, anticipating the developmental techniques of thecommon practice period.
Probably his most famous compositions are histoccatas, which were perhaps the earliest examples of the toccata in its more modern sense as an improvisatory, highly ornamented piece. Usually he includedimitative interpolations betweenimprovisatory sections, and alsometer changes from duple to triple, anticipating later music of the Venetian school.
While in Bavaria he wrote an enormous mass for 24 voices, which makes use of three choirs of eight voices each. This composition was likely performed for the wedding of DukeWilhelm V of Bavaria to Renata of Lorraine. This piece has been recorded by theHuelgas Ensemble, led byPaul Van Nevel.
